Using Flow Electrodes in Multiple Reactors in Series for Continuous Energy Generation from Capacitive Mixing

Marta C. Hatzell; Kelsey B. Hatzell; Bruce E. Logan

doi:10.1021/ez5003314

Using Flow Electrodes in Multiple Reactors in Series for Continuous Energy Generation from Capacitive Mixing

Marta C. Hatzell, Kelsey B. Hatzell, Bruce E. Logan

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

60 Scopus citations

Abstract

Efficient conversion of “mixing energy” to electricity through capacitive mixing (CapMix) has been limited by low energy recoveries, low power densities, and noncontinuous energy production resulting from intermittent charging and discharging cycles. We show here that a CapMix system based on a four-reactor process with flow electrodes can generate constant and continuous energy, providing a more flexible platform for harvesting mixing energy. The power densities were dependent on the flow-electrode carbon loading, with 5.8 ± 0.2 mW m–2 continuously produced in the charging reactor and 3.3 ± 0.4 mW m–2 produced in the discharging reactor (9.2 ± 0.6 mW m–2 for the whole system) when the flow-electrode carbon loading was 15%. Additionally, when the flow-electrode electrolyte ion concentration increased from 10 to 20 g L–1, the total power density of the whole system (charging and discharging) increased to 50.9 ± 2.5 mW m–2.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	474-478
Number of pages	5
Journal	Environmental Science & Technology Letters
Volume	1
Issue number	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/ez5003314
State	Published - Nov 10 2014
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2020-10-01
Acknowledged KAUST grant number(s): KUS-I1-003-13
Acknowledgements: Funding for this work was provided by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship to M.C.H. (Grant DGE1255832) and K.B.H. (Grant DGE1002809) and a grant from the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) (Award KUS-I1-003-13).
This publication acknowledges KAUST support, but has no KAUST affiliated authors.

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@article{478aaf07b0284bd186b417c7ff74bb38,

title = "Using Flow Electrodes in Multiple Reactors in Series for Continuous Energy Generation from Capacitive Mixing",

abstract = "Efficient conversion of “mixing energy” to electricity through capacitive mixing (CapMix) has been limited by low energy recoveries, low power densities, and noncontinuous energy production resulting from intermittent charging and discharging cycles. We show here that a CapMix system based on a four-reactor process with flow electrodes can generate constant and continuous energy, providing a more flexible platform for harvesting mixing energy. The power densities were dependent on the flow-electrode carbon loading, with 5.8 ± 0.2 mW m–2 continuously produced in the charging reactor and 3.3 ± 0.4 mW m–2 produced in the discharging reactor (9.2 ± 0.6 mW m–2 for the whole system) when the flow-electrode carbon loading was 15%. Additionally, when the flow-electrode electrolyte ion concentration increased from 10 to 20 g L–1, the total power density of the whole system (charging and discharging) increased to 50.9 ± 2.5 mW m–2.",

author = "Hatzell, {Marta C.} and Hatzell, {Kelsey B.} and Logan, {Bruce E.}",

note = "KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2020-10-01 Acknowledged KAUST grant number(s): KUS-I1-003-13 Acknowledgements: Funding for this work was provided by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship to M.C.H. (Grant DGE1255832) and K.B.H. (Grant DGE1002809) and a grant from the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) (Award KUS-I1-003-13). This publication acknowledges KAUST support, but has no KAUST affiliated authors.",

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doi = "10.1021/ez5003314",

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journal = "Environmental Science & Technology Letters",

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AU - Logan, Bruce E.

N1 - KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2020-10-01 Acknowledged KAUST grant number(s): KUS-I1-003-13 Acknowledgements: Funding for this work was provided by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship to M.C.H. (Grant DGE1255832) and K.B.H. (Grant DGE1002809) and a grant from the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) (Award KUS-I1-003-13). This publication acknowledges KAUST support, but has no KAUST affiliated authors.

PY - 2014/11/10

Y1 - 2014/11/10

N2 - Efficient conversion of “mixing energy” to electricity through capacitive mixing (CapMix) has been limited by low energy recoveries, low power densities, and noncontinuous energy production resulting from intermittent charging and discharging cycles. We show here that a CapMix system based on a four-reactor process with flow electrodes can generate constant and continuous energy, providing a more flexible platform for harvesting mixing energy. The power densities were dependent on the flow-electrode carbon loading, with 5.8 ± 0.2 mW m–2 continuously produced in the charging reactor and 3.3 ± 0.4 mW m–2 produced in the discharging reactor (9.2 ± 0.6 mW m–2 for the whole system) when the flow-electrode carbon loading was 15%. Additionally, when the flow-electrode electrolyte ion concentration increased from 10 to 20 g L–1, the total power density of the whole system (charging and discharging) increased to 50.9 ± 2.5 mW m–2.

AB - Efficient conversion of “mixing energy” to electricity through capacitive mixing (CapMix) has been limited by low energy recoveries, low power densities, and noncontinuous energy production resulting from intermittent charging and discharging cycles. We show here that a CapMix system based on a four-reactor process with flow electrodes can generate constant and continuous energy, providing a more flexible platform for harvesting mixing energy. The power densities were dependent on the flow-electrode carbon loading, with 5.8 ± 0.2 mW m–2 continuously produced in the charging reactor and 3.3 ± 0.4 mW m–2 produced in the discharging reactor (9.2 ± 0.6 mW m–2 for the whole system) when the flow-electrode carbon loading was 15%. Additionally, when the flow-electrode electrolyte ion concentration increased from 10 to 20 g L–1, the total power density of the whole system (charging and discharging) increased to 50.9 ± 2.5 mW m–2.

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Using Flow Electrodes in Multiple Reactors in Series for Continuous Energy Generation from Capacitive Mixing

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