TY - JOUR
T1 - Understanding each other's models An introduction and a standard representation of 16 global water models to support intercomparison, improvement, and communication
AU - Telteu, Camelia Eliza
AU - Müller Schmied, Hannes
AU - Thiery, Wim
AU - Leng, Guoyong
AU - Burek, Peter
AU - Liu, Xingcai
AU - Boulange, Julien Eric Stanislas
AU - Andersen, Lauren Seaby
AU - Grillakis, Manolis
AU - Gosling, Simon Newland
AU - Satoh, Yusuke
AU - Rakovec, Oldrich
AU - Stacke, Tobias
AU - Chang, Jinfeng
AU - Wanders, Niko
AU - Shah, Harsh Lovekumar
AU - Trautmann, Tim
AU - Mao, Ganquan
AU - Hanasaki, Naota
AU - Koutroulis, Aristeidis
AU - Pokhrel, Yadu
AU - Samaniego, Luis
AU - Wada, Yoshihide
AU - Mishra, Vimal
AU - Liu, Junguo
AU - Döll, Petra
AU - Zhao, Fang
AU - Gädeke, Anne
AU - Rabin, Sam S.
AU - Herz, Florian
N1 - Generated from Scopus record by KAUST IRTS on 2023-09-18
PY - 2021/6/24
Y1 - 2021/6/24
N2 - Global water models (GWMs) simulate the terrestrial water cycle on the global scale and are used to assess the impacts of climate change on freshwater systems. GWMs are developed within different modelling frameworks and consider different underlying hydrological processes, leading to varied model structures. Furthermore, the equations used to describe various processes take different forms and are generally accessible only from within the individual model codes. These factors have hindered a holistic and detailed understanding of how different models operate, yet such an understanding is crucial for explaining the results of model evaluation studies, understanding inter-model differences in their simulations, and identifying areas for future model development. This study provides a comprehensive overview of how 16 state-of-the-art GWMs are designed. We analyse water storage compartments, water flows, and human water use sectors included in models that provide simulations for the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project phase 2b (ISIMIP2b). We develop a standard writing style for the model equations to enhance model intercomparison, improvement, and communication. In this study, WaterGAP2 used the highest number of water storage compartments, 11, and CWatM used 10 compartments. Six models used six compartments, while four models (DBH, JULES-W1, Mac-PDM.20, and VIC) used the lowest number, three compartments. WaterGAP2 simulates five human water use sectors, while four models (CLM4.5, CLM5.0, LPJmL, and MPI-HM) simulate only water for the irrigation sector. We conclude that, even though hydrological processes are often based on similar equations for various processes, in the end these equations have been adjusted or models have used different values for specific parameters or specific variables. The similarities and differences found among the models analysed in this study are expected to enable us to reduce the uncertainty in multi-model ensembles, improve existing hydrological processes, and integrate new processes.
AB - Global water models (GWMs) simulate the terrestrial water cycle on the global scale and are used to assess the impacts of climate change on freshwater systems. GWMs are developed within different modelling frameworks and consider different underlying hydrological processes, leading to varied model structures. Furthermore, the equations used to describe various processes take different forms and are generally accessible only from within the individual model codes. These factors have hindered a holistic and detailed understanding of how different models operate, yet such an understanding is crucial for explaining the results of model evaluation studies, understanding inter-model differences in their simulations, and identifying areas for future model development. This study provides a comprehensive overview of how 16 state-of-the-art GWMs are designed. We analyse water storage compartments, water flows, and human water use sectors included in models that provide simulations for the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project phase 2b (ISIMIP2b). We develop a standard writing style for the model equations to enhance model intercomparison, improvement, and communication. In this study, WaterGAP2 used the highest number of water storage compartments, 11, and CWatM used 10 compartments. Six models used six compartments, while four models (DBH, JULES-W1, Mac-PDM.20, and VIC) used the lowest number, three compartments. WaterGAP2 simulates five human water use sectors, while four models (CLM4.5, CLM5.0, LPJmL, and MPI-HM) simulate only water for the irrigation sector. We conclude that, even though hydrological processes are often based on similar equations for various processes, in the end these equations have been adjusted or models have used different values for specific parameters or specific variables. The similarities and differences found among the models analysed in this study are expected to enable us to reduce the uncertainty in multi-model ensembles, improve existing hydrological processes, and integrate new processes.
UR - https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/14/3843/2021/
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85108721552&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.5194/gmd-14-3843-2021
DO - 10.5194/gmd-14-3843-2021
M3 - Article
SN - 1991-9603
VL - 14
SP - 3843
EP - 3878
JO - Geoscientific Model Development
JF - Geoscientific Model Development
IS - 6
ER -