The effect of chain topology on the crystallization and polymorphism of PVDF: linear versus star molecules

Fatimah Algarni; Georgios Zapsas; Nicolás María; Jon Maiz; Alejandro J. Müller; Nikos Hadjichristidis

doi:10.1002/macp.202200268

The effect of chain topology on the crystallization and polymorphism of PVDF: linear versus star molecules

Fatimah Algarni, Georgios Zapsas, Nicolás María, Jon Maiz, Alejandro J. Müller, Nikos Hadjichristidis

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

3 Scopus citations

Abstract

Well-defined linear, 3-, 4-, and 6-arms star polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) were synthesized by reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization using mono-, tri-, tetra-, and hexa-functionalized chain transfer agents (CTA), respectively, and 1,1-bis-(tert-butylperoxy)-cyclohexane (Luperox® 331P80) as initiator. The crystallization kinetics and the polymorphic character of PVDF stars were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). Using a cooling rate of 10 °C/min, all samples formed α- and β-phases. However, the amount of β-phase created increases with respect to the α-phase as the number of arms in the PVDF stars increases. This could result from the increased topological complexity in the stars of several arms, which leads to the preferential formation of the less thermodynamically stable ferroelectric β-phase. On the other hand, when the cooling rate is decreased (1 °C/min) and/or an isothermal crystallization procedure is applied, polymorphism is inhibited in the PVDF stars, and only the paraelectric α-phase is formed. On the other hand, the linear PVDF sample is still capable of producing both paraelectric and ferroelectric phases after slow cooling or isothermal crystallization. The isothermal crystallization kinetics of the PVDF stars is faster than the linear PVDF as a result of their speedier nucleation, possibly promoted by their particular topology where the PVDF arms must radiate from a common center.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	2200268
Journal	Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.202200268
State	Published - Sep 30 2022

Bibliographical note

KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2022-10-03
Acknowledgements: F.A., G.Z., N.H. thankfully acknowledge the support of King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). N.M., J.M., A.M. Acknowledge the support of the Basque Government through grant IT1503-22. N. M. thankfully acknowledges his Ph.D. fellowship from the POLYMAT Basque Center for Macromolecular Design and Engineering. J. M. acknowledges partial financial support from the IBERDROLA Foundation

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Materials Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
Polymers and Plastics
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Condensed Matter Physics

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10.1002/macp.202200268

https://repository.kaust.edu.sa/bitstream/10754/681762/1/Macro%20Chemistry%20%20%20Physics%20-%202022%20-%20Algarni%20-%20The%20effect%20of%20chain%20topology%20on%20the%20crystallization%20and%20polymorphism%20of%20PVDF%20.pdf

Cite this

@article{4d183184fd1a48b9b0ae8a220717c2a0,

title = "The effect of chain topology on the crystallization and polymorphism of PVDF: linear versus star molecules",

abstract = "Well-defined linear, 3-, 4-, and 6-arms star polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) were synthesized by reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization using mono-, tri-, tetra-, and hexa-functionalized chain transfer agents (CTA), respectively, and 1,1-bis-(tert-butylperoxy)-cyclohexane (Luperox{\textregistered} 331P80) as initiator. The crystallization kinetics and the polymorphic character of PVDF stars were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). Using a cooling rate of 10 °C/min, all samples formed α- and β-phases. However, the amount of β-phase created increases with respect to the α-phase as the number of arms in the PVDF stars increases. This could result from the increased topological complexity in the stars of several arms, which leads to the preferential formation of the less thermodynamically stable ferroelectric β-phase. On the other hand, when the cooling rate is decreased (1 °C/min) and/or an isothermal crystallization procedure is applied, polymorphism is inhibited in the PVDF stars, and only the paraelectric α-phase is formed. On the other hand, the linear PVDF sample is still capable of producing both paraelectric and ferroelectric phases after slow cooling or isothermal crystallization. The isothermal crystallization kinetics of the PVDF stars is faster than the linear PVDF as a result of their speedier nucleation, possibly promoted by their particular topology where the PVDF arms must radiate from a common center.",

author = "Fatimah Algarni and Georgios Zapsas and Nicol{\'a}s Mar{\'i}a and Jon Maiz and M{\"u}ller, {Alejandro J.} and Nikos Hadjichristidis",

note = "KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2022-10-03 Acknowledgements: F.A., G.Z., N.H. thankfully acknowledge the support of King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). N.M., J.M., A.M. Acknowledge the support of the Basque Government through grant IT1503-22. N. M. thankfully acknowledges his Ph.D. fellowship from the POLYMAT Basque Center for Macromolecular Design and Engineering. J. M. acknowledges partial financial support from the IBERDROLA Foundation",

year = "2022",

month = sep,

day = "30",

doi = "10.1002/macp.202200268",

language = "English (US)",

pages = "2200268",

journal = "Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics",

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publisher = "Wiley",

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T1 - The effect of chain topology on the crystallization and polymorphism of PVDF: linear versus star molecules

AU - Algarni, Fatimah

AU - Zapsas, Georgios

AU - María, Nicolás

AU - Maiz, Jon

AU - Müller, Alejandro J.

AU - Hadjichristidis, Nikos

N1 - KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2022-10-03 Acknowledgements: F.A., G.Z., N.H. thankfully acknowledge the support of King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). N.M., J.M., A.M. Acknowledge the support of the Basque Government through grant IT1503-22. N. M. thankfully acknowledges his Ph.D. fellowship from the POLYMAT Basque Center for Macromolecular Design and Engineering. J. M. acknowledges partial financial support from the IBERDROLA Foundation

PY - 2022/9/30

Y1 - 2022/9/30

N2 - Well-defined linear, 3-, 4-, and 6-arms star polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) were synthesized by reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization using mono-, tri-, tetra-, and hexa-functionalized chain transfer agents (CTA), respectively, and 1,1-bis-(tert-butylperoxy)-cyclohexane (Luperox® 331P80) as initiator. The crystallization kinetics and the polymorphic character of PVDF stars were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). Using a cooling rate of 10 °C/min, all samples formed α- and β-phases. However, the amount of β-phase created increases with respect to the α-phase as the number of arms in the PVDF stars increases. This could result from the increased topological complexity in the stars of several arms, which leads to the preferential formation of the less thermodynamically stable ferroelectric β-phase. On the other hand, when the cooling rate is decreased (1 °C/min) and/or an isothermal crystallization procedure is applied, polymorphism is inhibited in the PVDF stars, and only the paraelectric α-phase is formed. On the other hand, the linear PVDF sample is still capable of producing both paraelectric and ferroelectric phases after slow cooling or isothermal crystallization. The isothermal crystallization kinetics of the PVDF stars is faster than the linear PVDF as a result of their speedier nucleation, possibly promoted by their particular topology where the PVDF arms must radiate from a common center.

AB - Well-defined linear, 3-, 4-, and 6-arms star polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) were synthesized by reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization using mono-, tri-, tetra-, and hexa-functionalized chain transfer agents (CTA), respectively, and 1,1-bis-(tert-butylperoxy)-cyclohexane (Luperox® 331P80) as initiator. The crystallization kinetics and the polymorphic character of PVDF stars were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). Using a cooling rate of 10 °C/min, all samples formed α- and β-phases. However, the amount of β-phase created increases with respect to the α-phase as the number of arms in the PVDF stars increases. This could result from the increased topological complexity in the stars of several arms, which leads to the preferential formation of the less thermodynamically stable ferroelectric β-phase. On the other hand, when the cooling rate is decreased (1 °C/min) and/or an isothermal crystallization procedure is applied, polymorphism is inhibited in the PVDF stars, and only the paraelectric α-phase is formed. On the other hand, the linear PVDF sample is still capable of producing both paraelectric and ferroelectric phases after slow cooling or isothermal crystallization. The isothermal crystallization kinetics of the PVDF stars is faster than the linear PVDF as a result of their speedier nucleation, possibly promoted by their particular topology where the PVDF arms must radiate from a common center.

UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10754/681762

UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/macp.202200268

U2 - 10.1002/macp.202200268

DO - 10.1002/macp.202200268

M3 - Article

SN - 1022-1352

SP - 2200268

JO - Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics

JF - Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics

ER -

The effect of chain topology on the crystallization and polymorphism of PVDF: linear versus star molecules

Abstract

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