The Effect of Acids on Alkaloid Yield in Pressurized Water Extraction of Narcissus Pseudonarcissus

Orchidea Rachmaniah; Jaap van Spronsen; Robert Verpoorte; Geert Jan Witkamp

doi:10.5614/J.ENG.TECHNOL.SCI.2021.53.6.8

The Effect of Acids on Alkaloid Yield in Pressurized Water Extraction of Narcissus Pseudonarcissus

Orchidea Rachmaniah^*, Jaap van Spronsen, Robert Verpoorte, Geert Jan Witkamp

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Pressurized water (PW) extraction of galanthamine from Narcissus pseudonarcissus bulbs was performed. The obtained yield was compared with the yield from conventional acidified water extraction and methanolic Soxhlet extraction. Both PW and conventional acidified water extraction were followed by a subsequent purification step for the alkaloids. The PW extraction (70 °C, 150 bar, 45 min) yielded as much galanthamine as methanolic-Soxhlet extraction (ca. 3.50 mg/g). Meanwhile, acid-base extraction with 1% of HBr (v/v) at 65 °C for 3 h gave a lower yield (ca. 2.65 mg/g). A higher PW temperature did not significantly increase the galanthamine yield. Pressure increase is not necessary since more water-soluble compounds such as proteins and polysaccharides are co-extracted, resulting in high viscosity of the water extract solution, which hampers the filtration process. Hence, the acidity of the solution is highly important both in the case of PW extraction and acidified water extraction. Besides galanthamine, the total alkaloid profile following Narcissus alkaloids was also obtained. Lycoramine, O-methyloduline, norgalanthamine, epi-norgalanthamine, narwedine, oduline, haemanthamine, O-methyllycorenine, and a haemanthamine derivate were identified. Although a high yield was obtained from PW extraction, the further purification needs to be improved to obtain an economically feasible industrial extraction process.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	210608
Journal	Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences
Volume	53
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.5614/J.ENG.TECHNOL.SCI.2021.53.6.8
State	Published - 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors are grateful to Holland Biodiversity B.V. for supplying bulbs of Narcissus pseudonarcissuscv and to Carlton, Tiofarma B.V. for their donation of standard galanthamine-HBr. Great gratitude is extended to Michel van der Brink for his help in providing the SEM pictures and to Justin Fischedick and Andrea Lubbe from the Natural Product Laboratory of Leiden University for helping with GC-MS. The Directorate General for Higher Education (DGHE), Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia is acknowledged for their financial support to O.R. within the DIKTI PhD grant scheme (batch IV-2010).

Funding Information:
The authors are grateful to Holland Biodiversity B.V. for supplying bulbs of Narcissuspseudonarcissuscv and to Carlton, Tiofarma B.V. for their donation of standard galanthamine-HBr. Great gratitude is extended to Michel van der Brink for his help in providing the SEM pictures and to Justin Fischedick and Andrea Lubbe from the Natural Product Laboratory of Leiden University for helping with GC-MS. The Directorate General for Higher Education (DGHE), Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia is acknowledged for their financial support to O.R. within the DIKTI PhD grant scheme (batch IV-2010).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Published by ITB Institute for Research and Community Services.

Keywords

Acid-base extraction
Alkaloids
Galanthamine
Narcissus
Water extraction

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Engineering

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10.5614/J.ENG.TECHNOL.SCI.2021.53.6.8

Cite this

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title = "The Effect of Acids on Alkaloid Yield in Pressurized Water Extraction of Narcissus Pseudonarcissus",

abstract = "Pressurized water (PW) extraction of galanthamine from Narcissus pseudonarcissus bulbs was performed. The obtained yield was compared with the yield from conventional acidified water extraction and methanolic Soxhlet extraction. Both PW and conventional acidified water extraction were followed by a subsequent purification step for the alkaloids. The PW extraction (70 °C, 150 bar, 45 min) yielded as much galanthamine as methanolic-Soxhlet extraction (ca. 3.50 mg/g). Meanwhile, acid-base extraction with 1% of HBr (v/v) at 65 °C for 3 h gave a lower yield (ca. 2.65 mg/g). A higher PW temperature did not significantly increase the galanthamine yield. Pressure increase is not necessary since more water-soluble compounds such as proteins and polysaccharides are co-extracted, resulting in high viscosity of the water extract solution, which hampers the filtration process. Hence, the acidity of the solution is highly important both in the case of PW extraction and acidified water extraction. Besides galanthamine, the total alkaloid profile following Narcissus alkaloids was also obtained. Lycoramine, O-methyloduline, norgalanthamine, epi-norgalanthamine, narwedine, oduline, haemanthamine, O-methyllycorenine, and a haemanthamine derivate were identified. Although a high yield was obtained from PW extraction, the further purification needs to be improved to obtain an economically feasible industrial extraction process.",

keywords = "Acid-base extraction, Alkaloids, Galanthamine, Narcissus, Water extraction",

author = "Orchidea Rachmaniah and {van Spronsen}, Jaap and Robert Verpoorte and Witkamp, {Geert Jan}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors are grateful to Holland Biodiversity B.V. for supplying bulbs of Narcissus pseudonarcissuscv and to Carlton, Tiofarma B.V. for their donation of standard galanthamine-HBr. Great gratitude is extended to Michel van der Brink for his help in providing the SEM pictures and to Justin Fischedick and Andrea Lubbe from the Natural Product Laboratory of Leiden University for helping with GC-MS. The Directorate General for Higher Education (DGHE), Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia is acknowledged for their financial support to O.R. within the DIKTI PhD grant scheme (batch IV-2010). Funding Information: The authors are grateful to Holland Biodiversity B.V. for supplying bulbs of Narcissuspseudonarcissuscv and to Carlton, Tiofarma B.V. for their donation of standard galanthamine-HBr. Great gratitude is extended to Michel van der Brink for his help in providing the SEM pictures and to Justin Fischedick and Andrea Lubbe from the Natural Product Laboratory of Leiden University for helping with GC-MS. The Directorate General for Higher Education (DGHE), Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia is acknowledged for their financial support to O.R. within the DIKTI PhD grant scheme (batch IV-2010). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Published by ITB Institute for Research and Community Services.",

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doi = "10.5614/J.ENG.TECHNOL.SCI.2021.53.6.8",

language = "English (US)",

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T1 - The Effect of Acids on Alkaloid Yield in Pressurized Water Extraction of Narcissus Pseudonarcissus

AU - Rachmaniah, Orchidea

AU - van Spronsen, Jaap

AU - Verpoorte, Robert

AU - Witkamp, Geert Jan

N1 - Funding Information: The authors are grateful to Holland Biodiversity B.V. for supplying bulbs of Narcissus pseudonarcissuscv and to Carlton, Tiofarma B.V. for their donation of standard galanthamine-HBr. Great gratitude is extended to Michel van der Brink for his help in providing the SEM pictures and to Justin Fischedick and Andrea Lubbe from the Natural Product Laboratory of Leiden University for helping with GC-MS. The Directorate General for Higher Education (DGHE), Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia is acknowledged for their financial support to O.R. within the DIKTI PhD grant scheme (batch IV-2010). Funding Information: The authors are grateful to Holland Biodiversity B.V. for supplying bulbs of Narcissuspseudonarcissuscv and to Carlton, Tiofarma B.V. for their donation of standard galanthamine-HBr. Great gratitude is extended to Michel van der Brink for his help in providing the SEM pictures and to Justin Fischedick and Andrea Lubbe from the Natural Product Laboratory of Leiden University for helping with GC-MS. The Directorate General for Higher Education (DGHE), Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia is acknowledged for their financial support to O.R. within the DIKTI PhD grant scheme (batch IV-2010). Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Published by ITB Institute for Research and Community Services.

PY - 2021

Y1 - 2021

N2 - Pressurized water (PW) extraction of galanthamine from Narcissus pseudonarcissus bulbs was performed. The obtained yield was compared with the yield from conventional acidified water extraction and methanolic Soxhlet extraction. Both PW and conventional acidified water extraction were followed by a subsequent purification step for the alkaloids. The PW extraction (70 °C, 150 bar, 45 min) yielded as much galanthamine as methanolic-Soxhlet extraction (ca. 3.50 mg/g). Meanwhile, acid-base extraction with 1% of HBr (v/v) at 65 °C for 3 h gave a lower yield (ca. 2.65 mg/g). A higher PW temperature did not significantly increase the galanthamine yield. Pressure increase is not necessary since more water-soluble compounds such as proteins and polysaccharides are co-extracted, resulting in high viscosity of the water extract solution, which hampers the filtration process. Hence, the acidity of the solution is highly important both in the case of PW extraction and acidified water extraction. Besides galanthamine, the total alkaloid profile following Narcissus alkaloids was also obtained. Lycoramine, O-methyloduline, norgalanthamine, epi-norgalanthamine, narwedine, oduline, haemanthamine, O-methyllycorenine, and a haemanthamine derivate were identified. Although a high yield was obtained from PW extraction, the further purification needs to be improved to obtain an economically feasible industrial extraction process.

AB - Pressurized water (PW) extraction of galanthamine from Narcissus pseudonarcissus bulbs was performed. The obtained yield was compared with the yield from conventional acidified water extraction and methanolic Soxhlet extraction. Both PW and conventional acidified water extraction were followed by a subsequent purification step for the alkaloids. The PW extraction (70 °C, 150 bar, 45 min) yielded as much galanthamine as methanolic-Soxhlet extraction (ca. 3.50 mg/g). Meanwhile, acid-base extraction with 1% of HBr (v/v) at 65 °C for 3 h gave a lower yield (ca. 2.65 mg/g). A higher PW temperature did not significantly increase the galanthamine yield. Pressure increase is not necessary since more water-soluble compounds such as proteins and polysaccharides are co-extracted, resulting in high viscosity of the water extract solution, which hampers the filtration process. Hence, the acidity of the solution is highly important both in the case of PW extraction and acidified water extraction. Besides galanthamine, the total alkaloid profile following Narcissus alkaloids was also obtained. Lycoramine, O-methyloduline, norgalanthamine, epi-norgalanthamine, narwedine, oduline, haemanthamine, O-methyllycorenine, and a haemanthamine derivate were identified. Although a high yield was obtained from PW extraction, the further purification needs to be improved to obtain an economically feasible industrial extraction process.

KW - Acid-base extraction

KW - Alkaloids

KW - Galanthamine

KW - Narcissus

KW - Water extraction

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M3 - Article

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SN - 2337-5779

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JO - Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences

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ER -

The Effect of Acids on Alkaloid Yield in Pressurized Water Extraction of Narcissus Pseudonarcissus

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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