Tailoring PEDOT properties for applications in bioelectronics

Resulting from its wide range of beneficial properties, the conjugated conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is a promising material in a number of emerging applications. These material properties, particularly promising in the field of bioelectronics, include its well-known high-degree of mechanical flexibility, stability, and high conductivity. However, perhaps the most advantageous property is its ease of fabrication: namely, low-cost and straight-forward deposition processes. PEDOT processing is generally carried out at low temperatures with simple deposition techniques, allowing for significant customization of the material properties through, as highlighted in this review, both process parameter variation and the addition of numerous additives. Here we aim to review the role of PEDOT in addressing an assortment of mechanical and electronic requirements as a function of the conditions used to cast or polymerize the films, and the addition of additives such as surfactants and secondary dopants. Contemporary bioelectronic research examples investigating and utilizing the effects of these modifications will be highlighted.