Abstract
A major thrust of medical X-ray imaging is to minimize the X-ray dose acquired by the patient, down to single-photon sensitivity. Such characteristics have been demonstrated with only a few direct-detection semiconductor materials such as CdTe and Si; nonetheless, their industrial deployment in medical diagnostics is still impeded by elaborate and costly fabrication processes. Hybrid lead halide perovskites can be a viable alternative owing to their facile solution growth. However, hybrid perovskites are unstable under high-field biasing in X-ray detectors, owing to structural lability and mixed electronic–ionic conductivity. Here we show that both single-photon-counting and long-term stable performance of perovskite X-ray detectors are attained in the photovoltaic mode of operation at zero-voltage bias, employing thick and uniform methylammonium lead iodide single-crystal films (up to 300 µm) and solution directly grown on hole-transporting electrodes. The operational device stability exceeded one year. Detection efficiency of 88% and noise-equivalent dose of 90 pGyair are obtained with 18 keV X-rays, allowing single-photon-sensitive, low-dose and energy-resolved X-ray imaging. Array detectors demonstrate high spatial resolution up to 11 lp mm−1. These findings pave the path for the implementation of hybrid perovskites in low-cost, low-dose commercial detector arrays for X-ray imaging.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 510-517 |
| Number of pages | 8 |
| Journal | Nature Photonics |
| Volume | 17 |
| Issue number | 6 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jun 2023 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:The work at ETH Zürich was financially supported by the Swiss Innovation Agency (Innosuisse) under grant agreement 46894.1 IP-ENG and by ETH Zürich through the ETH + Project SynMatLab: Laboratory for Multiscale Materials Synthesis. We acknowledge funding support from the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) and the use of KAUST Core Lab and KAUST Solar Center facilities. We also acknowledge F. Geser, A. Stabilini and M. Kasprzak from the Verification and Calibration Laboratory of the Paul Scherrer Institut (Switzerland) for their assistance in the radiation hardness measurements.
Funding Information:
The work at ETH Zürich was financially supported by the Swiss Innovation Agency (Innosuisse) under grant agreement 46894.1 IP-ENG and by ETH Zürich through the ETH + Project SynMatLab: Laboratory for Multiscale Materials Synthesis. We acknowledge funding support from the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) and the use of KAUST Core Lab and KAUST Solar Center facilities. We also acknowledge F. Geser, A. Stabilini and M. Kasprzak from the Verification and Calibration Laboratory of the Paul Scherrer Institut (Switzerland) for their assistance in the radiation hardness measurements.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, The Author(s).
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
- Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
