Abstract
In Geological Carbon Sequestration (GCS), mineralization is a secure carbon dioxide (CO2) trapping mechanism to prevent possible leakage at a later stage of the GCS project. Modeling the mineralization mechanism during GCS relies on numerical reservoir simulation, but the computational cost is prohibitively high due to the complex physical processes. Therefore, deep learning (DL) models can be used as a computationally cheaper and more reliable at the same time, alternative to conventional numerical simulations. In this work, we have developed a DL approach to effectively predict the dissolution and precipitation of various essential minerals, including Anorthite, Kaolinite, and Calcite, during CO2 injection into deep saline aquifers. We have established a reservoir model to simulate the geological CO2 storage process. Seven hundred twenty-two numerical realizations were performed to generate a comprehensive dataset for training DL models. Two convolution neural networks (CNN), Fourier Neural Operator (FNO), and U-Net were trained. The trained models used reservoir and well properties along with time information as input and predicted the precipitation and dissolution of minerals in space and time scales. During the training process, root-mean-squared-error (RMSE) was used as a loss function. To gauge prediction performance, we have applied the trained model to predict the concentrations of different minerals on the test dataset, which is 15% of the entire dataset, and two metrics, including the average absolute percentage error (AAPE) and the coefficient of determination (R2), were adopted. The FNO model resulted in the R2 of 0.95 for the Calcite model, 0.94 for the Kaolinite model, and 0.93 for the Anorthite model. The U-Net model resulted in the R2 of 0.88 for the Calcite model, 0.89 for the Kaolinite model, and 0.912 for the Anorthite model. The model's prediction CPU time (0.2 s/case) was much lower than that of the physics-based reservoir simulator (3600 s/case). Therefore, the proposed method offers predictions as accurate as our physics-based reservoir simulations while providing a substantial computational time acceleration.
Original language | English (US) |
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Article number | 127677 |
Journal | Fuel |
Volume | 341 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jun 1 2023 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:Zeeshan Tariq and Bicheng yan thank King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) for the Research Funding through the grants BAS/1/1423-01-01 , and Zeeshan Tariq and Shuyu Sun thank for the Research Funding from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia , through the grants BAS/1/1351-01-01 and URF/1/4074-01-01 .
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Elsevier Ltd
Keywords
- Big data analysis
- CO mineralization
- Deep learning
- Numerical simulation
- Reactive transportation
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Chemical Engineering
- Fuel Technology
- Energy Engineering and Power Technology
- Organic Chemistry