Room-temperature curable carbon cathode for hole-conductor free perovskite solar cells

Reshma Dileep; Ganesh Kesavan; Vijendar Reddy; Manoj Kumar Rajbhar; Sakthivel Shanmugasundaram; Easwaramoorthi Ramasamy; Ganapathy Veerappan

doi:10.1016/j.solener.2019.05.045

Room-temperature curable carbon cathode for hole-conductor free perovskite solar cells

Reshma Dileep, Ganesh Kesavan, Vijendar Reddy, Manoj Kumar Rajbhar, Sakthivel Shanmugasundaram^*, Easwaramoorthi Ramasamy, Ganapathy Veerappan

^*Corresponding author for this work

Electrical and Computer Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

21 Scopus citations

Abstract

Hole conductor and metal cathode free perovskite solar cells (PSC)were fabricated with room temperature curable carbon as the top electrode. Conductivity and sheet resistance was optimized by varying the graphite and carbon black content. Highly conductive (49.5 s/cm), low sheet resistance (4.5 Ω/□)and porous carbon electrodes (45–50 µm)were obtained by room temperature (36 ± 1 °C)curing, while most of the reported literature uses high temperature process (400 °C). Perovskite sensitization was done in ambient conditions (36 ± 1 °C, 35% humidity)by two step method which consists of spin coating and dip coating for 10 min. XRD results confirm the complete conversion of PbI₂ into MAPbI₃ (perovskite)throughout the carbon layer and the layers beneath it. Conventional PSC and hole transport material (HTM)free PSC were also fabricated in the similar conditions to serve as reference devices for the carbon-based PSC. Carbon-based HTM -free PSC exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE)of 9.0% with a current density of 21.4 mA/cm² and open circuit voltage of 0.98 V. Simultaneously, PSC with conventional device architecture and HTM-free devices exhibited a PCE of 9.8% and 5.3%, respectively. A comparative study on charge transport properties and electron life time for all the three PSCs were carried out by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)and found to be greater for carbon-based PSC. Steady-state photocurrent measurement under standard test conditions (AM 1.5G)were carried out for conventional and carbon-based PSC, and better stability and lower rate of degradation was observed for carbon-based PSC.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	261-268
Number of pages	8
Journal	SOLAR ENERGY
Volume	187
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.05.045
State	Published - Jul 15 2019

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Dr. G. V and R. D. acknowledge the Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India for the financial support through DST-INSPIRE Faculty award (IFA 14-MS-28), DST-SYST (SP/YO/012/2017 (G)), and TRC (AI/1/65/ARCI/2014). G. V. and co-authors extend their acknowledgment to the Director, ARCI. This work was partially supported by a project sanctioned (DST/TM/SERI/DSS/328/G)from Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India under Solar Energy Research Initiative Programme (SERI).

Funding Information:
Dr. G. V and R. D. acknowledge the Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India for the financial support through DST-INSPIRE Faculty award ( IFA 14-MS-28 ), DST-SYST (SP/YO/012/2017 (G)), and TRC ( AI/1/65/ARCI/2014 ). G. V. and co-authors extend their acknowledgment to the Director, ARCI. This work was partially supported by a project sanctioned (DST/TM/SERI/DSS/328/G) from Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India under Solar Energy Research Initiative Programme (SERI).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 International Solar Energy Society

Keywords

High voltage
HTM-free PSC
Perovskite solar cell
Room temperature curable conductive carbon electrodes
ZrO layer

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
General Materials Science

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.solener.2019.05.045

Cite this

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title = "Room-temperature curable carbon cathode for hole-conductor free perovskite solar cells",

abstract = "Hole conductor and metal cathode free perovskite solar cells (PSC)were fabricated with room temperature curable carbon as the top electrode. Conductivity and sheet resistance was optimized by varying the graphite and carbon black content. Highly conductive (49.5 s/cm), low sheet resistance (4.5 Ω/□)and porous carbon electrodes (45–50 µm)were obtained by room temperature (36 ± 1 °C)curing, while most of the reported literature uses high temperature process (400 °C). Perovskite sensitization was done in ambient conditions (36 ± 1 °C, 35% humidity)by two step method which consists of spin coating and dip coating for 10 min. XRD results confirm the complete conversion of PbI2 into MAPbI3 (perovskite)throughout the carbon layer and the layers beneath it. Conventional PSC and hole transport material (HTM)free PSC were also fabricated in the similar conditions to serve as reference devices for the carbon-based PSC. Carbon-based HTM -free PSC exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE)of 9.0% with a current density of 21.4 mA/cm2 and open circuit voltage of 0.98 V. Simultaneously, PSC with conventional device architecture and HTM-free devices exhibited a PCE of 9.8% and 5.3%, respectively. A comparative study on charge transport properties and electron life time for all the three PSCs were carried out by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)and found to be greater for carbon-based PSC. Steady-state photocurrent measurement under standard test conditions (AM 1.5G)were carried out for conventional and carbon-based PSC, and better stability and lower rate of degradation was observed for carbon-based PSC.",

keywords = "High voltage, HTM-free PSC, Perovskite solar cell, Room temperature curable conductive carbon electrodes, ZrO layer",

author = "Reshma Dileep and Ganesh Kesavan and Vijendar Reddy and Rajbhar, {Manoj Kumar} and Sakthivel Shanmugasundaram and Easwaramoorthi Ramasamy and Ganapathy Veerappan",

note = "Funding Information: Dr. G. V and R. D. acknowledge the Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India for the financial support through DST-INSPIRE Faculty award (IFA 14-MS-28), DST-SYST (SP/YO/012/2017 (G)), and TRC (AI/1/65/ARCI/2014). G. V. and co-authors extend their acknowledgment to the Director, ARCI. This work was partially supported by a project sanctioned (DST/TM/SERI/DSS/328/G)from Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India under Solar Energy Research Initiative Programme (SERI). Funding Information: Dr. G. V and R. D. acknowledge the Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India for the financial support through DST-INSPIRE Faculty award ( IFA 14-MS-28 ), DST-SYST (SP/YO/012/2017 (G)), and TRC ( AI/1/65/ARCI/2014 ). G. V. and co-authors extend their acknowledgment to the Director, ARCI. This work was partially supported by a project sanctioned (DST/TM/SERI/DSS/328/G) from Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India under Solar Energy Research Initiative Programme (SERI). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 International Solar Energy Society",

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doi = "10.1016/j.solener.2019.05.045",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "187",

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AU - Dileep, Reshma

AU - Kesavan, Ganesh

AU - Reddy, Vijendar

AU - Rajbhar, Manoj Kumar

AU - Shanmugasundaram, Sakthivel

AU - Ramasamy, Easwaramoorthi

AU - Veerappan, Ganapathy

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PY - 2019/7/15

Y1 - 2019/7/15

N2 - Hole conductor and metal cathode free perovskite solar cells (PSC)were fabricated with room temperature curable carbon as the top electrode. Conductivity and sheet resistance was optimized by varying the graphite and carbon black content. Highly conductive (49.5 s/cm), low sheet resistance (4.5 Ω/□)and porous carbon electrodes (45–50 µm)were obtained by room temperature (36 ± 1 °C)curing, while most of the reported literature uses high temperature process (400 °C). Perovskite sensitization was done in ambient conditions (36 ± 1 °C, 35% humidity)by two step method which consists of spin coating and dip coating for 10 min. XRD results confirm the complete conversion of PbI2 into MAPbI3 (perovskite)throughout the carbon layer and the layers beneath it. Conventional PSC and hole transport material (HTM)free PSC were also fabricated in the similar conditions to serve as reference devices for the carbon-based PSC. Carbon-based HTM -free PSC exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE)of 9.0% with a current density of 21.4 mA/cm2 and open circuit voltage of 0.98 V. Simultaneously, PSC with conventional device architecture and HTM-free devices exhibited a PCE of 9.8% and 5.3%, respectively. A comparative study on charge transport properties and electron life time for all the three PSCs were carried out by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)and found to be greater for carbon-based PSC. Steady-state photocurrent measurement under standard test conditions (AM 1.5G)were carried out for conventional and carbon-based PSC, and better stability and lower rate of degradation was observed for carbon-based PSC.

AB - Hole conductor and metal cathode free perovskite solar cells (PSC)were fabricated with room temperature curable carbon as the top electrode. Conductivity and sheet resistance was optimized by varying the graphite and carbon black content. Highly conductive (49.5 s/cm), low sheet resistance (4.5 Ω/□)and porous carbon electrodes (45–50 µm)were obtained by room temperature (36 ± 1 °C)curing, while most of the reported literature uses high temperature process (400 °C). Perovskite sensitization was done in ambient conditions (36 ± 1 °C, 35% humidity)by two step method which consists of spin coating and dip coating for 10 min. XRD results confirm the complete conversion of PbI2 into MAPbI3 (perovskite)throughout the carbon layer and the layers beneath it. Conventional PSC and hole transport material (HTM)free PSC were also fabricated in the similar conditions to serve as reference devices for the carbon-based PSC. Carbon-based HTM -free PSC exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE)of 9.0% with a current density of 21.4 mA/cm2 and open circuit voltage of 0.98 V. Simultaneously, PSC with conventional device architecture and HTM-free devices exhibited a PCE of 9.8% and 5.3%, respectively. A comparative study on charge transport properties and electron life time for all the three PSCs were carried out by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)and found to be greater for carbon-based PSC. Steady-state photocurrent measurement under standard test conditions (AM 1.5G)were carried out for conventional and carbon-based PSC, and better stability and lower rate of degradation was observed for carbon-based PSC.

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KW - Perovskite solar cell

KW - Room temperature curable conductive carbon electrodes

KW - ZrO layer

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Room-temperature curable carbon cathode for hole-conductor free perovskite solar cells

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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