Patterns of nucleotide substitutions and implications for the immunological diversity of human immunodeficiency virus

Nobuaki Shimizu; Takashi Okamoto; Etsuko N. Moriyama; Yasuhiro Takeuchi; Takashi Gojobori; Hiroo Hoshino

doi:10.1016/0014-5793(89)80802-6

Patterns of nucleotide substitutions and implications for the immunological diversity of human immunodeficiency virus

Nobuaki Shimizu, Takashi Okamoto, Etsuko N. Moriyama, Yasuhiro Takeuchi, Takashi Gojobori^*, Hiroo Hoshino

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

8 Scopus citations

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exhibits immunological hypervariability, which has been an obstacle to successful production of effective anti-HIV vaccines. In this study, we estimated patterns of nucleotide and amino acid substitutions in the env gene of HIVs, with the aim of finding characteristics of the mechanism which generates the immunological diversity of the env protein of HIVs. We found that nucleotide changes between A and G are predominant compared to those between other nucleotides. Since this feature is consistent with the pattern of nucleotide substitutions of other retroviral genes but is quite different from those of most eukaryotic genes, a high rate of nucleotide substitution between A and G appears to be specific for retroviruses including HIVs. We discuss the biological relationship between this biased substitution and the mechanism generating hypervariability of epitopes on the env protein of HIVs.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	591-595
Number of pages	5
Journal	FEBS Letters
Volume	250
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(89)80802-6
State	Published - Jul 3 1989
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Acknowledgement: This study was supported by a Grantqn-Aid from the Ministry of Education, Sciencea nd Culture of Japan.

Keywords

Human immunodeficiency virus
Immunological diversity
Nucleotide substitution

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Biophysics
Structural Biology
Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Genetics
Cell Biology

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/0014-5793(89)80802-6

Cite this

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title = "Patterns of nucleotide substitutions and implications for the immunological diversity of human immunodeficiency virus",

abstract = "Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exhibits immunological hypervariability, which has been an obstacle to successful production of effective anti-HIV vaccines. In this study, we estimated patterns of nucleotide and amino acid substitutions in the env gene of HIVs, with the aim of finding characteristics of the mechanism which generates the immunological diversity of the env protein of HIVs. We found that nucleotide changes between A and G are predominant compared to those between other nucleotides. Since this feature is consistent with the pattern of nucleotide substitutions of other retroviral genes but is quite different from those of most eukaryotic genes, a high rate of nucleotide substitution between A and G appears to be specific for retroviruses including HIVs. We discuss the biological relationship between this biased substitution and the mechanism generating hypervariability of epitopes on the env protein of HIVs.",

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note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgement: This study was supported by a Grantqn-Aid from the Ministry of Education, Sciencea nd Culture of Japan.",

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T1 - Patterns of nucleotide substitutions and implications for the immunological diversity of human immunodeficiency virus

AU - Shimizu, Nobuaki

AU - Okamoto, Takashi

AU - Moriyama, Etsuko N.

AU - Takeuchi, Yasuhiro

AU - Gojobori, Takashi

AU - Hoshino, Hiroo

N1 - Funding Information: Acknowledgement: This study was supported by a Grantqn-Aid from the Ministry of Education, Sciencea nd Culture of Japan.

PY - 1989/7/3

Y1 - 1989/7/3

N2 - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exhibits immunological hypervariability, which has been an obstacle to successful production of effective anti-HIV vaccines. In this study, we estimated patterns of nucleotide and amino acid substitutions in the env gene of HIVs, with the aim of finding characteristics of the mechanism which generates the immunological diversity of the env protein of HIVs. We found that nucleotide changes between A and G are predominant compared to those between other nucleotides. Since this feature is consistent with the pattern of nucleotide substitutions of other retroviral genes but is quite different from those of most eukaryotic genes, a high rate of nucleotide substitution between A and G appears to be specific for retroviruses including HIVs. We discuss the biological relationship between this biased substitution and the mechanism generating hypervariability of epitopes on the env protein of HIVs.

AB - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exhibits immunological hypervariability, which has been an obstacle to successful production of effective anti-HIV vaccines. In this study, we estimated patterns of nucleotide and amino acid substitutions in the env gene of HIVs, with the aim of finding characteristics of the mechanism which generates the immunological diversity of the env protein of HIVs. We found that nucleotide changes between A and G are predominant compared to those between other nucleotides. Since this feature is consistent with the pattern of nucleotide substitutions of other retroviral genes but is quite different from those of most eukaryotic genes, a high rate of nucleotide substitution between A and G appears to be specific for retroviruses including HIVs. We discuss the biological relationship between this biased substitution and the mechanism generating hypervariability of epitopes on the env protein of HIVs.

KW - Human immunodeficiency virus

KW - Immunological diversity

KW - Nucleotide substitution

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Patterns of nucleotide substitutions and implications for the immunological diversity of human immunodeficiency virus

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

Access to Document

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