One-dimensional TiO₂ nanostructured photoanodes: From dye-sensitised solar cells to perovskite solar cells

This review presents one dimensional (1D) TiO₂ nanostructured photoanodes for next generation solar cells such as dye-sensitised solar cells (DSCs) and perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Due to the unique morphological properties, 1D TiO₂ nanostructures can act as express electron channels as well as light scattering layer, leading to improved charge transport properties, such as charge separation, electron injection, and electron lifetime, and light harvesting efficiency. As 1D TiO₂ nanostructures are applied to solar cells, 1D TiO₂ nanostructures should be further modified to overcome some drawbacks. In this review, we have described some solutions by introducing various 1D TiO₂ synthetic methods and device fabrication processes for solar cell applications, where we have described some important surface engineering and hierarchical device design strategies that facilitate charge transport and light utilisation in 1D TiO₂ nanostructured photoanode system.