# Multilevel Ensemble Kalman–Bucy Filters

Neil Kumar Chada, Ajay Jasra, Fangyuan Yu

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

1 Scopus citations

## Abstract

In this article we consider the linear filtering problem in continuous time. We develop and apply multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC) strategies for ensemble Kalman–Bucy filters (EnKBFs). These filters can be viewed as approximations of conditional McKean–Vlasov-type diffusion processes. They are also interpreted as the continuous-time analogue of the ensemble Kalman filter, which has proven to be successful due to its applicability and computational cost. We prove that an ideal version of our multilevel EnKBF can achieve a mean square error (MSE) of $$\mathcal{O}(\epsilon ^2)$$ , $$\epsilon > 0$$ , with a cost of order $$\mathcal{O}(\epsilon ^{-2}\log (\epsilon )^2)$$ . In order to prove this result we provide a Monte Carlo convergence and approximation bounds associated to time-discretized EnKBFs. This implies a reduction in cost compared to the (single level) EnKBF which requires a cost of $$\mathcal{O}(\epsilon ^{-3})$$ to achieve an MSE of $$\mathcal{O}(\epsilon ^2)$$ . We test our theory on a linear Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process, which we motivate through high-dimensional examples of order $$\sim \mathcal{O}(10^4)$$ and $$\mathcal{O}(10^5)$$ , where we also numerically test an alternative deterministic counterpart of the EnKBF.
Original language English (US) 584-618 35 SIAM/ASA Journal on Uncertainty Quantification 10 2 https://doi.org/10.1137/21m1423762 Published - Jun 27 2022

### Bibliographical note

KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2022-07-01
Acknowledgements: This work was supported by KAUST baseline funding

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