Impact of roughening density on the light extraction efficiency of thin-film flip-chip ultraviolet LEDs grown on SiC

Burhan K. Saifaddin; Michael Iza; Humberto Foronda; Abdullah Almogbel; Christian J. Zollner; Feng Wu; Ahmed Alyamani; Abdulrahman Albadri; Shuji Nakamura; Steven P. DenBaars; James S. Speck

doi:10.1364/oe.27.0a1074

Impact of roughening density on the light extraction efficiency of thin-film flip-chip ultraviolet LEDs grown on SiC

Burhan K. Saifaddin, Michael Iza, Humberto Foronda, Abdullah Almogbel, Christian J. Zollner, Feng Wu, Ahmed Alyamani, Abdulrahman Albadri, Shuji Nakamura, Steven P. DenBaars, James S. Speck

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

20 Scopus citations

Abstract

Discovering ways to increase the LED light extraction efficiency (LEE) should help create the largest performance improvement in the power of UV AlGaN LEDs. Employing surface roughening to increase the LEE of typical AlGaN UV LEDs is challenging and not well understood, yet it can be achieved easily in AlGaN LEDs grown on SiC. We fabricate thin-film UV LEDs (~294-310 nm) grown on SiC—with reflective contacts and roughened emission surface—to study and optimize KOH roughening of N-face AlN on the LEE as a function of roughened AlN pyramid size and KOH solution temperature. The LEE increased the most (2X) when the average AlN pyramid base diagonals (d) were comparable to the electroluminescence (EL) wavelength in the AlN layer (d ~λEL; 42–52 pyramids/µm2), but the LEE enhancement diminished when d was much larger than λEL (d ~5.5λEL; 2–3 pyramids/µm2). The UV LEDs had a 10 nm p-GaN contact layer, and the forward voltage was ~6 V at ~8 A/cm2, with a voltage efficiency (VE) of ~70%. The VE of the LEDs did not change after KOH roughening. This work suggests important implications to increase the LEE of AlGaN LEDs.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	A1074
Journal	Optics Express
Volume	27
Issue number	16
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.27.0a1074
State	Published - Jul 10 2019
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2021-03-12
Acknowledgements: King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) Technology Innovations Center (TIC) program; KACST-KAUST-UCSB Solid State Lighting Program; Solid State Lighting and Energy Electronics Center (SSLEEC) at UCSB; UCSB-Collaborative Research in Engineering, Science and Technology (CREST) Malaysia project; NSF NNIN network (ECS-0335765); NSF MRSEC Program (1650114); National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program (1650114). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and may not reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. The authors would like to thank Claude Weisbuch for useful discussions and the cleanroom staff at UCSB nanofabrication facility.
This publication acknowledges KAUST support, but has no KAUST affiliated authors.

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

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10.1364/oe.27.0a1074

Cite this

@article{a4f5ff9667e24149af611d29df9d8a89,

title = "Impact of roughening density on the light extraction efficiency of thin-film flip-chip ultraviolet LEDs grown on SiC",

abstract = "Discovering ways to increase the LED light extraction efficiency (LEE) should help create the largest performance improvement in the power of UV AlGaN LEDs. Employing surface roughening to increase the LEE of typical AlGaN UV LEDs is challenging and not well understood, yet it can be achieved easily in AlGaN LEDs grown on SiC. We fabricate thin-film UV LEDs (~294-310 nm) grown on SiC—with reflective contacts and roughened emission surface—to study and optimize KOH roughening of N-face AlN on the LEE as a function of roughened AlN pyramid size and KOH solution temperature. The LEE increased the most (2X) when the average AlN pyramid base diagonals (d) were comparable to the electroluminescence (EL) wavelength in the AlN layer (d ~λEL; 42–52 pyramids/µm2), but the LEE enhancement diminished when d was much larger than λEL (d ~5.5λEL; 2–3 pyramids/µm2). The UV LEDs had a 10 nm p-GaN contact layer, and the forward voltage was ~6 V at ~8 A/cm2, with a voltage efficiency (VE) of ~70%. The VE of the LEDs did not change after KOH roughening. This work suggests important implications to increase the LEE of AlGaN LEDs.",

author = "Saifaddin, {Burhan K.} and Michael Iza and Humberto Foronda and Abdullah Almogbel and Zollner, {Christian J.} and Feng Wu and Ahmed Alyamani and Abdulrahman Albadri and Shuji Nakamura and DenBaars, {Steven P.} and Speck, {James S.}",

note = "KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2021-03-12 Acknowledgements: King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) Technology Innovations Center (TIC) program; KACST-KAUST-UCSB Solid State Lighting Program; Solid State Lighting and Energy Electronics Center (SSLEEC) at UCSB; UCSB-Collaborative Research in Engineering, Science and Technology (CREST) Malaysia project; NSF NNIN network (ECS-0335765); NSF MRSEC Program (1650114); National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program (1650114). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and may not reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. The authors would like to thank Claude Weisbuch for useful discussions and the cleanroom staff at UCSB nanofabrication facility. This publication acknowledges KAUST support, but has no KAUST affiliated authors.",

year = "2019",

month = jul,

day = "10",

doi = "10.1364/oe.27.0a1074",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "27",

pages = "A1074",

journal = "Optics Express",

issn = "1094-4087",

publisher = "Optica Publishing Group",

number = "16",

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T1 - Impact of roughening density on the light extraction efficiency of thin-film flip-chip ultraviolet LEDs grown on SiC

AU - Saifaddin, Burhan K.

AU - Iza, Michael

AU - Foronda, Humberto

AU - Almogbel, Abdullah

AU - Zollner, Christian J.

AU - Wu, Feng

AU - Alyamani, Ahmed

AU - Albadri, Abdulrahman

AU - Nakamura, Shuji

AU - DenBaars, Steven P.

AU - Speck, James S.

N1 - KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2021-03-12 Acknowledgements: King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) Technology Innovations Center (TIC) program; KACST-KAUST-UCSB Solid State Lighting Program; Solid State Lighting and Energy Electronics Center (SSLEEC) at UCSB; UCSB-Collaborative Research in Engineering, Science and Technology (CREST) Malaysia project; NSF NNIN network (ECS-0335765); NSF MRSEC Program (1650114); National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program (1650114). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and may not reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. The authors would like to thank Claude Weisbuch for useful discussions and the cleanroom staff at UCSB nanofabrication facility. This publication acknowledges KAUST support, but has no KAUST affiliated authors.

PY - 2019/7/10

Y1 - 2019/7/10

N2 - Discovering ways to increase the LED light extraction efficiency (LEE) should help create the largest performance improvement in the power of UV AlGaN LEDs. Employing surface roughening to increase the LEE of typical AlGaN UV LEDs is challenging and not well understood, yet it can be achieved easily in AlGaN LEDs grown on SiC. We fabricate thin-film UV LEDs (~294-310 nm) grown on SiC—with reflective contacts and roughened emission surface—to study and optimize KOH roughening of N-face AlN on the LEE as a function of roughened AlN pyramid size and KOH solution temperature. The LEE increased the most (2X) when the average AlN pyramid base diagonals (d) were comparable to the electroluminescence (EL) wavelength in the AlN layer (d ~λEL; 42–52 pyramids/µm2), but the LEE enhancement diminished when d was much larger than λEL (d ~5.5λEL; 2–3 pyramids/µm2). The UV LEDs had a 10 nm p-GaN contact layer, and the forward voltage was ~6 V at ~8 A/cm2, with a voltage efficiency (VE) of ~70%. The VE of the LEDs did not change after KOH roughening. This work suggests important implications to increase the LEE of AlGaN LEDs.

AB - Discovering ways to increase the LED light extraction efficiency (LEE) should help create the largest performance improvement in the power of UV AlGaN LEDs. Employing surface roughening to increase the LEE of typical AlGaN UV LEDs is challenging and not well understood, yet it can be achieved easily in AlGaN LEDs grown on SiC. We fabricate thin-film UV LEDs (~294-310 nm) grown on SiC—with reflective contacts and roughened emission surface—to study and optimize KOH roughening of N-face AlN on the LEE as a function of roughened AlN pyramid size and KOH solution temperature. The LEE increased the most (2X) when the average AlN pyramid base diagonals (d) were comparable to the electroluminescence (EL) wavelength in the AlN layer (d ~λEL; 42–52 pyramids/µm2), but the LEE enhancement diminished when d was much larger than λEL (d ~5.5λEL; 2–3 pyramids/µm2). The UV LEDs had a 10 nm p-GaN contact layer, and the forward voltage was ~6 V at ~8 A/cm2, with a voltage efficiency (VE) of ~70%. The VE of the LEDs did not change after KOH roughening. This work suggests important implications to increase the LEE of AlGaN LEDs.

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UR - https://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-27-16-A1074

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85070325109&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1364/oe.27.0a1074

DO - 10.1364/oe.27.0a1074

M3 - Article

SN - 1094-4087

VL - 27

SP - A1074

JO - Optics Express

JF - Optics Express

IS - 16

ER -

Impact of roughening density on the light extraction efficiency of thin-film flip-chip ultraviolet LEDs grown on SiC

Abstract

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