Hybrid Satellite–Terrestrial Networks toward 6G: Key Technologies and Open Issues

Syed Bilal Raza Tirmizi; Yunfei Chen; Subhash Lakshminarayana; Wei Feng; Aziz A. Khuwaja

doi:10.3390/s22218544

Hybrid Satellite–Terrestrial Networks toward 6G: Key Technologies and Open Issues

Syed Bilal Raza Tirmizi, Yunfei Chen, Subhash Lakshminarayana, Wei Feng, Aziz A. Khuwaja

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

21 Scopus citations

Abstract

Future wireless networks will be required to provide more wireless services at higher data rates and with global coverage. However, existing homogeneous wireless networks, such as cellular and satellite networks, may not be able to meet such requirements individually, especially in remote terrain, including seas and mountains. One possible solution is to use diversified wireless networks that can exploit the inter-connectivity between satellites, aerial base stations (BSs), and terrestrial BSs over inter-connected space, ground, and aerial networks. Hence, enabling wireless communication in one integrated network has attracted both the industry and the research fraternities. In this work, we provide a comprehensive survey of the most recent work on hybrid satellite–terrestrial networks (HSTNs), focusing on system architecture, performance analysis, design optimization, and secure communication schemes for different cooperative and cognitive HSTN network architectures. Different key technologies are compared. Based on this comparison, several open issues for future research are discussed.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	8544
Journal	Sensors
Volume	22
Issue number	21
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/s22218544
State	Published - Nov 6 2022
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2022-11-11
Acknowledged KAUST grant number(s): ORA-2021-CRG10-4696
Acknowledgements: This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61922049 and Grant 61941104; in part by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Research Funding (KRF) under Award No. ORA-2021-CRG10-4696 and by EC H2020 DAWN4IoE-Data Aware Wireless Network for Internet-of-Everything under Grant 778305.
This publication acknowledges KAUST support, but has no KAUST affiliated authors.

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Biochemistry
Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Analytical Chemistry
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.3390/s22218544

Cite this

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title = "Hybrid Satellite–Terrestrial Networks toward 6G: Key Technologies and Open Issues",

abstract = "Future wireless networks will be required to provide more wireless services at higher data rates and with global coverage. However, existing homogeneous wireless networks, such as cellular and satellite networks, may not be able to meet such requirements individually, especially in remote terrain, including seas and mountains. One possible solution is to use diversified wireless networks that can exploit the inter-connectivity between satellites, aerial base stations (BSs), and terrestrial BSs over inter-connected space, ground, and aerial networks. Hence, enabling wireless communication in one integrated network has attracted both the industry and the research fraternities. In this work, we provide a comprehensive survey of the most recent work on hybrid satellite–terrestrial networks (HSTNs), focusing on system architecture, performance analysis, design optimization, and secure communication schemes for different cooperative and cognitive HSTN network architectures. Different key technologies are compared. Based on this comparison, several open issues for future research are discussed.",

author = "Tirmizi, {Syed Bilal Raza} and Yunfei Chen and Subhash Lakshminarayana and Wei Feng and Khuwaja, {Aziz A.}",

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N1 - KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2022-11-11 Acknowledged KAUST grant number(s): ORA-2021-CRG10-4696 Acknowledgements: This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61922049 and Grant 61941104; in part by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Research Funding (KRF) under Award No. ORA-2021-CRG10-4696 and by EC H2020 DAWN4IoE-Data Aware Wireless Network for Internet-of-Everything under Grant 778305. This publication acknowledges KAUST support, but has no KAUST affiliated authors.

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Hybrid Satellite–Terrestrial Networks toward 6G: Key Technologies and Open Issues

Abstract

Bibliographical note

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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