Growth of gypsum III. Influence and incorporation of lanthanide and chromium ions

C. H. de Vreugd, G. J. Witkamp*, G. M. van Rosmalen

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

42 Scopus citations

Abstract

The growth of gypsum is retarded by lanthanide ions present in the solution as impurities. The crystal faces show macrostep formation. At relative supersaturations of 0.2 the growth retarding influence of the ions decreases in the order La3+ ≈ Ce3+ ≈ Eu3+ > Er3+ > Cr3+ > Cr2O2-7, with a maximal difference of a factor 10 between the blank and La3+ at a concentration of 3 x 10-4M. At increasing supersaturations this difference becomes smaller and finally disappears at σ = 1. The uptake of lanthanides increases with increasing ionic radius, with a maximum for Ce3+. The sequences of growth retardation performance and uptake of the ions are therefore roughly similar. At higher supersaturations the uptake becomes higher. From the growth retardation as a function of the La3+ concentration an absorption energy of 30 kJ/mol was calculated. From adsorption experiments, no adsorption energy could be derived. The incorporation of Cd2+ ions in the presence of lanthanides behaves similarly as without these ions.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)70-78
Number of pages9
JournalJournal of Crystal Growth
Volume144
Issue number1-2
DOIs
StatePublished - Nov 1994
Externally publishedYes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Materials Chemistry

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