TY - JOUR
T1 - Green synthesis of biodiesel from Citrus medica seed oil using green nanoparticles of copper oxide
AU - Rozina, null
AU - Chia, Shir Reen
AU - Ahmad, Mushtaq
AU - Sultana, Shazia
AU - Zafar, Muhammad
AU - Asif, Saira
AU - Bokhari, Awais
AU - Nomanbhay, Saifuddin
AU - Mubashir, Muhammad
AU - Khoo, Kuan Shiong
AU - Show, Pau Loke
N1 - Generated from Scopus record by KAUST IRTS on 2023-09-20
PY - 2022/9/1
Y1 - 2022/9/1
N2 - Currently, increasing energy demand due to overpopulation has provoked an urge for renewable energy sources like biodiesel. Biodiesel production from non-edible seed oils provides striking solution to the problems associated with the energy crisis. In this study, the potential of Citrus medica as a novel and non-edible seed oil (33% w/w) producing feedstock was investigated for biodiesel production using green and recyclable nanoparticles (NPs) of copper oxide synthesized with aqueous leaf extract of Portulaca oleracea. Green NPs of copper oxide were characterized by advanced techniques like X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Diffraction X-Ray (EDX). A maximum yield of 93% of methyl ester was achieved at the optimum reaction condition of methanol to oil ratio 8:1, catalyst loading 0.18 wt%, reaction time 120 min and temperature 85 ◦C. Both Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance of biodiesel confirmed the presence of methyl ester in the synthesized biodiesel sample. Five distinct peaks of methyl esters were identified in biodiesel by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. Fuel properties of methyl esters were investigated and found analogous to the international standards. The results indicated that Citrus medica is a potential, environmentally friendly biomass feedstock for renewable production of biodiesel using green NPs of copper oxide as catalyst.
AB - Currently, increasing energy demand due to overpopulation has provoked an urge for renewable energy sources like biodiesel. Biodiesel production from non-edible seed oils provides striking solution to the problems associated with the energy crisis. In this study, the potential of Citrus medica as a novel and non-edible seed oil (33% w/w) producing feedstock was investigated for biodiesel production using green and recyclable nanoparticles (NPs) of copper oxide synthesized with aqueous leaf extract of Portulaca oleracea. Green NPs of copper oxide were characterized by advanced techniques like X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Diffraction X-Ray (EDX). A maximum yield of 93% of methyl ester was achieved at the optimum reaction condition of methanol to oil ratio 8:1, catalyst loading 0.18 wt%, reaction time 120 min and temperature 85 ◦C. Both Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance of biodiesel confirmed the presence of methyl ester in the synthesized biodiesel sample. Five distinct peaks of methyl esters were identified in biodiesel by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. Fuel properties of methyl esters were investigated and found analogous to the international standards. The results indicated that Citrus medica is a potential, environmentally friendly biomass feedstock for renewable production of biodiesel using green NPs of copper oxide as catalyst.
UR - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016236122011371
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85129122676&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.fuel.2022.124285
DO - 10.1016/j.fuel.2022.124285
M3 - Article
SN - 0016-2361
VL - 323
JO - Fuel
JF - Fuel
ER -
