TY - JOUR
T1 - Enteric virus in reclaimed water from treatment plants with different multi-barrier strategies: Trade-off assessment in treatment extent and risks
AU - Rachmadi, Andri Taruna
AU - Azizkhan, Zubair M.
AU - Hong, Pei-Ying
N1 - KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2021-03-26
Acknowledged KAUST grant number(s): BAS/1/1033-01-01
Acknowledgements: This study is funded by KAUST baseline BAS/1/1033-01-01 awarded to PYH. The authors would like to thank Nic Davis for providing access to samples at Site A.
PY - 2021/2/25
Y1 - 2021/2/25
N2 - Reclaimed water is an alternative water resource to mitigate water scarcity. To promote safe reuse, this paper aims to monitor the enteric virus concentration in the reclaimed water generated by two sewage treatment plants (STP) with different multibarrier technologies, and to assess if stringent treatment extent is required in a low-resource setting to achieve minimal viral risks arising from non-potable reuse. Through a 9-month surveillance, it was observed that a higher diversity and abundance of enteric DNA and RNA viruses were detected in treated wastewater generated from conventional activated sludge (i.e., site B) compared to that from membrane bioreactor-based STP (i.e., site A). To exemplify, enteric RNA viruses were detected in up to 1.13, 4.1, 4.9, 4.5, and 4.5 log10 copies/L for Aichi virus (AiV), rotavirus (RV), enterovirus (EV), norovirus GI and GII (NoV GII, GII) respectively, at site B. For enteric DNA virus, up to 4.3 and 5.35 log10 copies/L of adenovirus (AdV) and polyoma BK virus (BKV) were also found in site B. This is in contrast to the absence of AiV, RV and NoV detected in samples from site A. However, when translated to risks outcome from NoV GII, it was noted that recreational users at both sites A and B are exposed to acceptable disease burden (
AB - Reclaimed water is an alternative water resource to mitigate water scarcity. To promote safe reuse, this paper aims to monitor the enteric virus concentration in the reclaimed water generated by two sewage treatment plants (STP) with different multibarrier technologies, and to assess if stringent treatment extent is required in a low-resource setting to achieve minimal viral risks arising from non-potable reuse. Through a 9-month surveillance, it was observed that a higher diversity and abundance of enteric DNA and RNA viruses were detected in treated wastewater generated from conventional activated sludge (i.e., site B) compared to that from membrane bioreactor-based STP (i.e., site A). To exemplify, enteric RNA viruses were detected in up to 1.13, 4.1, 4.9, 4.5, and 4.5 log10 copies/L for Aichi virus (AiV), rotavirus (RV), enterovirus (EV), norovirus GI and GII (NoV GII, GII) respectively, at site B. For enteric DNA virus, up to 4.3 and 5.35 log10 copies/L of adenovirus (AdV) and polyoma BK virus (BKV) were also found in site B. This is in contrast to the absence of AiV, RV and NoV detected in samples from site A. However, when translated to risks outcome from NoV GII, it was noted that recreational users at both sites A and B are exposed to acceptable disease burden (
UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10754/668281
UR - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0048969721011062
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85101867317&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146039
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146039
M3 - Article
SN - 1879-1026
VL - 776
SP - 146039
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
ER -
