Enteric Infections Circulating during Hajj Seasons, 2011–2013

Moataz Abd El Ghany; Mona Alsomali; Malak Almasri; Eriko Padron Regalado; Raeece Naeem; AbdulHafeez Tukestani; Abdullah Asiri; Grant A. Hill-Cawthorne; Arnab Pain; Ziad A. Memish

doi:10.3201/eid2310.161642

Enteric Infections Circulating during Hajj Seasons, 2011–2013

Moataz Abd El Ghany, Mona Alsomali, Malak Almasri, Eriko Padron Regalado, Raeece Naeem, AbdulHafeez Tukestani, Abdullah Asiri, Grant A. Hill-Cawthorne, Arnab Pain, Ziad A. Memish

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

32 Scopus citations

Abstract

Hajj, the annual Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, is a unique mass gathering event that raises public health concerns in the host country and globally. Although gastroenteritis and diarrhea are common among Hajj pilgrims, the microbial etiologies of these infections are unknown. We collected 544 fecal samples from pilgrims with medically attended diarrheal illness from 40 countries during the 2011-2013 Hajj seasons and screened the samples for 16 pathogens commonly associated with diarrheal infections. Bacteria were the main agents detected, in 82.9% of the 228 positive samples, followed by viral (6.1%) and parasitic (5.3%) agents. Salmonella spp., Shigella/enteroinvasive Escherichia coli, and enterotoxigenic E. coli were the main pathogens associated with severe symptoms. We identified genes associated with resistance to third-generation cephalosporins approximate to 40% of Salmonella- and E. coli-positive samples. Hajj-associated foodborne infections pose a major public health risk through the emergence and transmission of antimicrobial drug-resistant bacteria.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	1640-1649
Number of pages	10
Journal	Emerging Infectious Diseases
Volume	23
Issue number	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2310.161642
State	Published - Sep 13 2017

Bibliographical note

KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2020-10-01
Acknowledged KAUST grant number(s): BAS/1/1020-01-01
Acknowledgements: This work was supported by the Saudi Ministry of Health (Z.M.) and King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (faculty baseline funding [BAS/1/1020-01-01] to A.P.), and Marie Bashir Institute and Sydney Medical School Foundation (M.A. and G.H.).

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10.3201/eid2310.161642

https://repository.kaust.edu.sa/bitstream/10754/625835/1/16-1642.pdf

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title = "Enteric Infections Circulating during Hajj Seasons, 2011–2013",

abstract = "Hajj, the annual Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, is a unique mass gathering event that raises public health concerns in the host country and globally. Although gastroenteritis and diarrhea are common among Hajj pilgrims, the microbial etiologies of these infections are unknown. We collected 544 fecal samples from pilgrims with medically attended diarrheal illness from 40 countries during the 2011-2013 Hajj seasons and screened the samples for 16 pathogens commonly associated with diarrheal infections. Bacteria were the main agents detected, in 82.9% of the 228 positive samples, followed by viral (6.1%) and parasitic (5.3%) agents. Salmonella spp., Shigella/enteroinvasive Escherichia coli, and enterotoxigenic E. coli were the main pathogens associated with severe symptoms. We identified genes associated with resistance to third-generation cephalosporins approximate to 40% of Salmonella- and E. coli-positive samples. Hajj-associated foodborne infections pose a major public health risk through the emergence and transmission of antimicrobial drug-resistant bacteria.",

author = "{Abd El Ghany}, Moataz and Mona Alsomali and Malak Almasri and {Padron Regalado}, Eriko and Raeece Naeem and AbdulHafeez Tukestani and Abdullah Asiri and Hill-Cawthorne, {Grant A.} and Arnab Pain and Memish, {Ziad A.}",

note = "KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2020-10-01 Acknowledged KAUST grant number(s): BAS/1/1020-01-01 Acknowledgements: This work was supported by the Saudi Ministry of Health (Z.M.) and King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (faculty baseline funding [BAS/1/1020-01-01] to A.P.), and Marie Bashir Institute and Sydney Medical School Foundation (M.A. and G.H.).",

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AU - Abd El Ghany, Moataz

AU - Alsomali, Mona

AU - Almasri, Malak

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AU - Naeem, Raeece

AU - Tukestani, AbdulHafeez

AU - Asiri, Abdullah

AU - Hill-Cawthorne, Grant A.

AU - Pain, Arnab

AU - Memish, Ziad A.

N1 - KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2020-10-01 Acknowledged KAUST grant number(s): BAS/1/1020-01-01 Acknowledgements: This work was supported by the Saudi Ministry of Health (Z.M.) and King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (faculty baseline funding [BAS/1/1020-01-01] to A.P.), and Marie Bashir Institute and Sydney Medical School Foundation (M.A. and G.H.).

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N2 - Hajj, the annual Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, is a unique mass gathering event that raises public health concerns in the host country and globally. Although gastroenteritis and diarrhea are common among Hajj pilgrims, the microbial etiologies of these infections are unknown. We collected 544 fecal samples from pilgrims with medically attended diarrheal illness from 40 countries during the 2011-2013 Hajj seasons and screened the samples for 16 pathogens commonly associated with diarrheal infections. Bacteria were the main agents detected, in 82.9% of the 228 positive samples, followed by viral (6.1%) and parasitic (5.3%) agents. Salmonella spp., Shigella/enteroinvasive Escherichia coli, and enterotoxigenic E. coli were the main pathogens associated with severe symptoms. We identified genes associated with resistance to third-generation cephalosporins approximate to 40% of Salmonella- and E. coli-positive samples. Hajj-associated foodborne infections pose a major public health risk through the emergence and transmission of antimicrobial drug-resistant bacteria.

AB - Hajj, the annual Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, is a unique mass gathering event that raises public health concerns in the host country and globally. Although gastroenteritis and diarrhea are common among Hajj pilgrims, the microbial etiologies of these infections are unknown. We collected 544 fecal samples from pilgrims with medically attended diarrheal illness from 40 countries during the 2011-2013 Hajj seasons and screened the samples for 16 pathogens commonly associated with diarrheal infections. Bacteria were the main agents detected, in 82.9% of the 228 positive samples, followed by viral (6.1%) and parasitic (5.3%) agents. Salmonella spp., Shigella/enteroinvasive Escherichia coli, and enterotoxigenic E. coli were the main pathogens associated with severe symptoms. We identified genes associated with resistance to third-generation cephalosporins approximate to 40% of Salmonella- and E. coli-positive samples. Hajj-associated foodborne infections pose a major public health risk through the emergence and transmission of antimicrobial drug-resistant bacteria.

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Enteric Infections Circulating during Hajj Seasons, 2011–2013

Abstract

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