Energy Level Tuning in Conjugated Donor Polymers by Chalcogen Exchange for Low Dark Current Organic Photodetectors

Martina Rimmele; Zhuoran Qiao; Filip Anies; Adam V. Marsh; Aren Yazmaciyan; George Harrison; Shadi Fatayer; Nicola Gasparini; Martin Heeney

doi:10.1021/acsmaterialslett.4c01899

Energy Level Tuning in Conjugated Donor Polymers by Chalcogen Exchange for Low Dark Current Organic Photodetectors

Martina Rimmele, Zhuoran Qiao, Filip Anies, Adam V. Marsh, Aren Yazmaciyan, George Harrison, Shadi Fatayer, Nicola Gasparini^*, Martin Heeney^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

The performance of organic photodetectors (OPDs) using conjugated polymer donors and molecular acceptors has improved rapidly, but many polymers are difficult to upscale due to their complex structures. This study examines two low-complexity thiophene copolymers with substituted benzooxadiazole (FO6-BO-T) or benzothiadiazole (FO6-T). Substituting sulfur with oxygen in FO6-BO-T increased its ionization energy without affecting the optical gap. When blended with the nonfullerene acceptor IDSe, FO6-BO-T showed a significantly lower dark current density (2.06·10^-9 A cm^-2 at −2 V) compared to FO6-T. Grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) measurements demonstrated that pristine FO6-BO-T exhibited a more ordered morphology than FO6-T. However, blending resulted in a significant disruption to the ordered domains in both cases, with a loss of orientational order, suggesting that FO6-BO-T’s improved performance is largely related to its increased ionization energy. This study demonstrates the potential of chalcogen atom engineering to enhance the performance of the OPD in scalable polymers.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	5006-5015
Number of pages	10
Journal	ACS Materials Letters
Volume	6
Issue number	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialslett.4c01899
State	Published - Nov 4 2024

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© 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Chemical Engineering
Biomedical Engineering
General Materials Science

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title = "Energy Level Tuning in Conjugated Donor Polymers by Chalcogen Exchange for Low Dark Current Organic Photodetectors",

abstract = "The performance of organic photodetectors (OPDs) using conjugated polymer donors and molecular acceptors has improved rapidly, but many polymers are difficult to upscale due to their complex structures. This study examines two low-complexity thiophene copolymers with substituted benzooxadiazole (FO6-BO-T) or benzothiadiazole (FO6-T). Substituting sulfur with oxygen in FO6-BO-T increased its ionization energy without affecting the optical gap. When blended with the nonfullerene acceptor IDSe, FO6-BO-T showed a significantly lower dark current density (2.06·10-9 A cm-2 at −2 V) compared to FO6-T. Grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) measurements demonstrated that pristine FO6-BO-T exhibited a more ordered morphology than FO6-T. However, blending resulted in a significant disruption to the ordered domains in both cases, with a loss of orientational order, suggesting that FO6-BO-T{\textquoteright}s improved performance is largely related to its increased ionization energy. This study demonstrates the potential of chalcogen atom engineering to enhance the performance of the OPD in scalable polymers.",

author = "Martina Rimmele and Zhuoran Qiao and Filip Anies and Marsh, {Adam V.} and Aren Yazmaciyan and George Harrison and Shadi Fatayer and Nicola Gasparini and Martin Heeney",

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AU - Marsh, Adam V.

AU - Yazmaciyan, Aren

AU - Harrison, George

AU - Fatayer, Shadi

AU - Gasparini, Nicola

AU - Heeney, Martin

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N2 - The performance of organic photodetectors (OPDs) using conjugated polymer donors and molecular acceptors has improved rapidly, but many polymers are difficult to upscale due to their complex structures. This study examines two low-complexity thiophene copolymers with substituted benzooxadiazole (FO6-BO-T) or benzothiadiazole (FO6-T). Substituting sulfur with oxygen in FO6-BO-T increased its ionization energy without affecting the optical gap. When blended with the nonfullerene acceptor IDSe, FO6-BO-T showed a significantly lower dark current density (2.06·10-9 A cm-2 at −2 V) compared to FO6-T. Grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) measurements demonstrated that pristine FO6-BO-T exhibited a more ordered morphology than FO6-T. However, blending resulted in a significant disruption to the ordered domains in both cases, with a loss of orientational order, suggesting that FO6-BO-T’s improved performance is largely related to its increased ionization energy. This study demonstrates the potential of chalcogen atom engineering to enhance the performance of the OPD in scalable polymers.

AB - The performance of organic photodetectors (OPDs) using conjugated polymer donors and molecular acceptors has improved rapidly, but many polymers are difficult to upscale due to their complex structures. This study examines two low-complexity thiophene copolymers with substituted benzooxadiazole (FO6-BO-T) or benzothiadiazole (FO6-T). Substituting sulfur with oxygen in FO6-BO-T increased its ionization energy without affecting the optical gap. When blended with the nonfullerene acceptor IDSe, FO6-BO-T showed a significantly lower dark current density (2.06·10-9 A cm-2 at −2 V) compared to FO6-T. Grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) measurements demonstrated that pristine FO6-BO-T exhibited a more ordered morphology than FO6-T. However, blending resulted in a significant disruption to the ordered domains in both cases, with a loss of orientational order, suggesting that FO6-BO-T’s improved performance is largely related to its increased ionization energy. This study demonstrates the potential of chalcogen atom engineering to enhance the performance of the OPD in scalable polymers.

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Energy Level Tuning in Conjugated Donor Polymers by Chalcogen Exchange for Low Dark Current Organic Photodetectors

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