Electrochemically activated water as an alternative to chlorine for decentralized disinfection

Kebreab A. Ghebremichael, E. Muchelemba, Branislav Petruševski, Gary L. Amy

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

15 Scopus citations

Abstract

Electrochemically activated (ECA) water is being extensively studied and considered as an alternative to chlorine for disinfection. Some researchers claim that ECA is by and large a chlorine solution, while others claim the presence of reactive oxygen species such as ozone and hydroxyl radicals in addition to chlorine. This study compares sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ECA in terms of disinfection efficacy, trihalomethanes (THMs) formation, stability and composition. The studies were carried out under different process conditions (pH 5,7 and 9, disinfectant concentrations of 2-5 mg/L and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration of 2-4 mg/L). The results indicated that in the presence of low DOC (<2 mg/L) ECA showed better disinfection efficacy for Escherichia coli inactivation, formed lower THM and had better stability compared with NaOCl at both pH 5 and 7. Stability studies of stock solutions showed that over a period of 30 days, ECA decayed by only 5% while NaOCl decayed by 37.5% at temperatures of 4 °C. In a fresh ECA of 200 mg/L chlorine, about 5.3 mg/L ozone and 36.9 mg/L ClO2 were detected. The study demonstrates that ECA could be a suitable alternative to NaOCl where decentralized production and use are required. © IWA Publishing 2011.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)210-218
Number of pages9
JournalJournal of Water Supply: Research and Technology—AQUA
Volume60
Issue number4
DOIs
StatePublished - Jun 2011

Bibliographical note

KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2020-10-01
Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank the Coca-Cola Company for supporting the research by financing the MSc study and by providing access to analytical facilities.

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Water Science and Technology
  • Civil and Structural Engineering

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