Dominance of Smartphone Exposure in 5G Mobile Networks

Luca Chiaraviglio; Chiara Lodovisi; Stefania Bartoletti; Ahmed Elzanaty; Mohamed-Slim Alouini

doi:10.1109/tmc.2023.3252662

Dominance of Smartphone Exposure in 5G Mobile Networks

Luca Chiaraviglio, Chiara Lodovisi, Stefania Bartoletti, Ahmed Elzanaty, Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

3 Scopus citations

Abstract

The deployment of 5G networks is sometimes questioned due to the impact of ElectroMagnetic Field (EMF) generated by Radio Base Station (RBS) on users. The goal of this work is to analyze such issue from a novel perspective, by comparing RBS EMF against exposure generated by 5G smartphones in commercial deployments. The measurement of exposure from 5G is hampered by several implementation aspects, such as dual connectivity between 4G and 5G, spectrum fragmentation, and carrier aggregation. To face such issues, we deploy a novel framework, called 5G-EA , tailored to the assessment of smartphone and RBS exposure through an innovative measurement algorithm, able to remotely control a programmable spectrum analyzer. Results, obtained in both outdoor and indoor locations, reveal that smartphone exposure (upon generation of uplink traffic) dominates over the RBS one. Moreover, Line-of-Sight locations experience a reduction of around one order of magnitude on the overall exposure compared to Non-Line-of-Sight ones. In addition, 5G exposure always represents a small share (up to 38%) compared to the total one radiated by the smartphone.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	1-18
Number of pages	18
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2023.3252662
State	Published - Mar 6 2023

Bibliographical note

KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2023-03-09
Acknowledged KAUST grant number(s): OSR-2020-CRG9-4377
Acknowledgements: This work was supported by the PLAN-EMF Project (KAUST-CNIT) under Award OSR-2020-CRG9-4377.

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Software
Computer Networks and Communications
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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10.1109/tmc.2023.3252662

https://repository.kaust.edu.sa/bitstream/10754/685768/5/Dominance_of_Smartphone_Exposure_in_5G_Mobile_Networks.pdf

Cite this

@article{c13882340e0649f684de0c60a7b84f61,

title = "Dominance of Smartphone Exposure in 5G Mobile Networks",

abstract = "The deployment of 5G networks is sometimes questioned due to the impact of ElectroMagnetic Field (EMF) generated by Radio Base Station (RBS) on users. The goal of this work is to analyze such issue from a novel perspective, by comparing RBS EMF against exposure generated by 5G smartphones in commercial deployments. The measurement of exposure from 5G is hampered by several implementation aspects, such as dual connectivity between 4G and 5G, spectrum fragmentation, and carrier aggregation. To face such issues, we deploy a novel framework, called 5G-EA , tailored to the assessment of smartphone and RBS exposure through an innovative measurement algorithm, able to remotely control a programmable spectrum analyzer. Results, obtained in both outdoor and indoor locations, reveal that smartphone exposure (upon generation of uplink traffic) dominates over the RBS one. Moreover, Line-of-Sight locations experience a reduction of around one order of magnitude on the overall exposure compared to Non-Line-of-Sight ones. In addition, 5G exposure always represents a small share (up to 38%) compared to the total one radiated by the smartphone.",

author = "Luca Chiaraviglio and Chiara Lodovisi and Stefania Bartoletti and Ahmed Elzanaty and Mohamed-Slim Alouini",

note = "KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2023-03-09 Acknowledged KAUST grant number(s): OSR-2020-CRG9-4377 Acknowledgements: This work was supported by the PLAN-EMF Project (KAUST-CNIT) under Award OSR-2020-CRG9-4377.",

year = "2023",

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doi = "10.1109/tmc.2023.3252662",

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AU - Chiaraviglio, Luca

AU - Lodovisi, Chiara

AU - Bartoletti, Stefania

AU - Elzanaty, Ahmed

AU - Alouini, Mohamed-Slim

N1 - KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2023-03-09 Acknowledged KAUST grant number(s): OSR-2020-CRG9-4377 Acknowledgements: This work was supported by the PLAN-EMF Project (KAUST-CNIT) under Award OSR-2020-CRG9-4377.

PY - 2023/3/6

Y1 - 2023/3/6

N2 - The deployment of 5G networks is sometimes questioned due to the impact of ElectroMagnetic Field (EMF) generated by Radio Base Station (RBS) on users. The goal of this work is to analyze such issue from a novel perspective, by comparing RBS EMF against exposure generated by 5G smartphones in commercial deployments. The measurement of exposure from 5G is hampered by several implementation aspects, such as dual connectivity between 4G and 5G, spectrum fragmentation, and carrier aggregation. To face such issues, we deploy a novel framework, called 5G-EA , tailored to the assessment of smartphone and RBS exposure through an innovative measurement algorithm, able to remotely control a programmable spectrum analyzer. Results, obtained in both outdoor and indoor locations, reveal that smartphone exposure (upon generation of uplink traffic) dominates over the RBS one. Moreover, Line-of-Sight locations experience a reduction of around one order of magnitude on the overall exposure compared to Non-Line-of-Sight ones. In addition, 5G exposure always represents a small share (up to 38%) compared to the total one radiated by the smartphone.

AB - The deployment of 5G networks is sometimes questioned due to the impact of ElectroMagnetic Field (EMF) generated by Radio Base Station (RBS) on users. The goal of this work is to analyze such issue from a novel perspective, by comparing RBS EMF against exposure generated by 5G smartphones in commercial deployments. The measurement of exposure from 5G is hampered by several implementation aspects, such as dual connectivity between 4G and 5G, spectrum fragmentation, and carrier aggregation. To face such issues, we deploy a novel framework, called 5G-EA , tailored to the assessment of smartphone and RBS exposure through an innovative measurement algorithm, able to remotely control a programmable spectrum analyzer. Results, obtained in both outdoor and indoor locations, reveal that smartphone exposure (upon generation of uplink traffic) dominates over the RBS one. Moreover, Line-of-Sight locations experience a reduction of around one order of magnitude on the overall exposure compared to Non-Line-of-Sight ones. In addition, 5G exposure always represents a small share (up to 38%) compared to the total one radiated by the smartphone.

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EP - 18

JO - IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing

JF - IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing

ER -

Dominance of Smartphone Exposure in 5G Mobile Networks

Abstract

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