Dipole model explaining high-k /metal gate field effect transistor threshold voltage tuning

P. D. Kirsch^*, P. Sivasubramani, J. Huang, C. D. Young, M. A. Quevedo-Lopez, H. C. Wen, Husam Niman Alshareef, K. Choi, C. S. Park, K. Freeman, Muhammad Mustafa Hussain, G. Bersuker, H. R. Harris, P. Majhi, R. Choi, P. Lysaght, B. H. Lee, H. H. Tseng, R. Jammy, T. S. BösckeD. J. Lichtenwalner, J. S. Jur, A. I. Kingon

^*Corresponding author for this work