Cure-on-demand 3D printing of complex geometries for enhanced tactile sensing in soft robotics and extended reality

Daniel Corzo, Emily B. Alexandre, Yasir Alshareef, Fahad Bokhari, Yangyang Xin, Yongcao Zhang, Jürgen Kosel, Daniel Bryant, Gilles Lubineau, Derya Baran*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

5 Scopus citations

Abstract

Replicating the tactile sensing mechanisms, conformity, and feel of real skin is essential for next-generation human–machine interfaces. However, producing tissue-like multilayered geometries and integrating them as e-skin systems requires simplifying and standardizing their manufacture. Here, we present a scalable and cost-effective cure-on-demand strategy for 3D printing nanocomposite silicone rubbers and integrating them into complex soft structures with 1200 % enhanced pressure-strain sensitivity. By utilizing a controlled in-situ mixing of catalyst-cured silicones and shear-driven alignment of carbon nanofibers (CNF), we construct percolated networks with conductivities up to 130 S m−1 layer-by-layer. We investigate the influence of ink composition, printing parameters, geometrical design, and material density on the mechanical properties, stretchability, sensitivity, and antimicrobial activity of 3D printed piezoresistive sensors and build skin-like interfaces that detect minimal deformations like human physiological signs. This customizable, biocompatible, and robust e-skin holds promise for cost-effective integration in rehabilitation medicine, smart robotics applications, and extended reality (XR) interactive experiences.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)20-31
Number of pages12
JournalMaterials Today
Volume78
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 2024

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 Elsevier Ltd

Keywords

  • 3D printing
  • carbon nanofiber
  • conductive composite
  • e-skin
  • soft robotics

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Mechanics of Materials
  • Mechanical Engineering

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