Abstract
Promoter (Cr, Mo and W) modified Ni/ZSM-5 catalysts were explored in the vapor phase conversion of γ-valerolactone (GVL) to ethyl valerate (EV; gasoline blender) at atmospheric pressure. Among the three different promoters (Cr, Mo and W) tested the Mo-modified catalyst was found to be the best candidate. In addition, this catalyst was found to be stable up to 50 h reaction time with an insignificant decrease in activity. The good catalytic performance is related to an optimal ratio of acid and hydrogenation functions provided by Ni2+ and Ni0, respectively. In situ FTIR spectroscopic studies revealed a strong adsorption of GVL on all catalysts which quickly reacts with dosed ethanol by formation of EV, most pronounced on the Mo-modified catalyst, while VA was identified as side product. These findings suggest the preferred GVL ring opening by cracking the C−O bond on the methyl side of the GVL molecule on this type of catalysts leading to pentenoic acid as intermediate, which is quickly hydrogenated and esterified.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 1341-1349 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | ChemCatChem |
Volume | 12 |
Issue number | 5 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Mar 6 2020 |
Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
Generated from Scopus record by KAUST IRTS on 2023-10-23ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Inorganic Chemistry
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Organic Chemistry
- Catalysis