Comparison of Nigella sativa and Trachyspermum ammi via experimental investigation and biotechnological potential

Trachyspermum ammi and Nigella sativa are mostly used as traditional medicinal plants to cure different diseases. It was observed that both extracts showed significant antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria and which may be extended to the SARS-CoV-2, leading to the absence of the peptidoglycan layer. T. ammi showed the highest percentage inhibition in the antifungal assay compared to N. sativa against Aspergillus flavus. The antioxidant assay was performed. It was observed that T. ammi has more free radical scavenging activity as indicated by low IC50. The cytotoxic assay was performed by following brine shrimp lethality assay, and it was observed that T. ammi has more cytotoxicity. The results are that both N. sativa and T. ammi are the origins of active pharmaceutical ingredients and have several pharmacological effects. Furthermore, both essential antibacterial agents were identified and can, therefore, be used as an antibiotic. They have now shown important antioxidant and cytotoxic potential, such that their potential in herbal medicine and cancer genetics can now unravel. In the future, the bioactive molecules responsible for biological processes will be separated. Besides, the nano-formulations in nano-biotechnology may also be analyzed with these extracts.