Characterizing amorphous silicon, silicon nitride, and diffused layers in crystalline siliconsolarcellsusingmicro-photoluminescence spectroscopy

We report and explain the photoluminescence (PL) spectra from crystalline silicon (c-Si) wafers passivated by hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films under various measurement conditions, utilizing the different absorption coefficients and radiative recombination mechanisms in c-Si and a-Si:H. By comparison with the luminescence properties of a-Si:H, we also demonstrate that SiN_x films deposited under certain silicon-rich conditions yield luminescence spectra similar to those of a-Si:H, indicating the presence of an a-Si:H-like phase in the SiN_x films. This causes a reduction in the blue response of the solar cells via parasitic absorption. In addition, with the ability to detect the specific emission from heavily-doped silicon via band-gap narrowing effects, we can unambiguously separate individual spectral PL signatures of three different layers in a single substrate: the SiN_x passivation films, the diffused layers, and the underlying c-Si substrate. Finally, we apply this technique to evaluate parasitic absorption in the passivation films, and the doping density of the diffused layers on different finished solar cells, highlighting the value of this nondestructive contactless, micron-scale technique for photovoltaic applications.