Abstract
In large-scale systems, such as Internet-based distributed systems, classical clock-synchronization solutions become impractical or poorly performing, due to the number of nodes and/or the distance among them. We present a global time service for world-wide systems, based on an innovative clock synchronization scheme, named CESIUMSPRAY. The service exhibits high precision and accuracy; it is virtually indefinitely scalable; and it is fault-tolerant. It is deterministic for real-time machinery in the local area, which makes it particularly well-suited for, though not limited to, large-scale real-time systems. The main features of our clock synchronization scheme can be summarized as follows: hybrid external/internal synchronization protocol improves effectiveness of synchronization; heterogeneous failure semantics for clocks and processors improves previous lower bounds on processors; two-level hierarchy improves scalability. The root of the hierarchy is the GPS satellite constellation, which "sprays" its reference time over a set of nodes provided with GPS receivers, one per local network. The second level of the hierarchy performs internal synchronization, further "spraying" the external time inside the local network.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 243-294 |
Number of pages | 52 |
Journal | Real-Time Systems |
Volume | 12 |
Issue number | 3 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jan 1 1997 |
Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
Generated from Scopus record by KAUST IRTS on 2021-03-16ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Control and Optimization
- Modeling and Simulation
- Computer Networks and Communications
- Control and Systems Engineering
- Computer Science Applications
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering