Anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2018

Damaris Kinyoki, Aaron E. Osgood-Zimmerman, Aaron E. Osgood-Zimmerman, Natalia V. Bhattacharjee, Natalia V. Bhattacharjee, Lauren E. Schaeffer, Lauren E. Schaeffer, Alice Lazzar-Atwood, Alice Lazzar-Atwood, Dan Lu, Dan Lu, Samuel B. Ewald, Katie M. Donkers, Ian D. Letourneau, Michael Collison, Megan F. Schipp, Megan F. Schipp, Amanuel Abajobir, Sima Abbasi, Nooshin AbbasiMitra Abbasifard, Mitra Abbasifard, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Hedayat Abbastabar, Foad Abd-Allah, Ahmed Abdelalim, Sherief M. Abd-Elsalam, Sherief M. Abd-Elsalam, Amir Abdoli, Amir Abdoli, Ibrahim Abdollahpour, Ibrahim Abdollahpour, Aidin Abedi, Aidin Abedi, Hassan Abolhassani, Hassan Abolhassani, Biju Abraham, Biju Abraham, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Michael R.M. Abrigo, Ahmed Abualhasan, Ahmed Abualhasan, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Abdelrahman I. Abushouk, Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi, Maryam Adabi, Oladimeji M. Adebayo, Oladimeji M. Adebayo, Adeyinka Emmanuel Adegbosin, Adeyinka Emmanuel Adegbosin, Victor Adekanmbi, Olatunji O. Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. Adetokunboh, Daniel Adedayo Adeyinka, Davoud Adham, Davoud Adham, Shailesh M. Advani, Pradyumna Agasthi, Pradyumna Agasthi, Mohammad Aghaali, Sohail Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmad, Keivan Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadi, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour, Budi Aji, Oluwaseun Oladapo Akinyemi, Oluwaseun Oladapo Akinyemi, Addis Aklilu, Addis Aklilu, Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna, Ziyad Al-Aly, Turki M. Alanzi, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal, Biresaw Wassihun Alemu, Ayinalem Alemu, Robert Kaba Alhassan, Sheikh Mohammad Alif, Sheikh Mohammad Alif, Vahid Alipour, Vahid Alipour, Hesam Alizade, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi, Rajaa M. Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Al-Raddadi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Saeed Amini, Saeed Amini, Fatemeh Amiri, Fatemeh Amiri, Dickson A. Amugsi, Dickson A. Amugsi, Nahla Hamed Anber, Robert Ancuceanu, Tudorel Andrei, Tudorel Andrei, Masresha Tessema Anegago, Mina Anjomshoa, Fereshteh Ansari, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Zelalem Alamrew Anteneh, Zelalem Alamrew Anteneh, Ernoiz Antriyandarti, Ernoiz Antriyandarti, Davood Anvari, Razique Anwer, Muhammad Aqeel, Jalal Arabloo, Jalal Arabloo, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Olatunde Aremu, Olatunde Aremu, Habtamu Abera Areri, Al Artaman, Afsaneh Arzani, Malke Asaad, Malke Asaad, Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi, Ali A. Asadi-Pooya, Ali A. Asadi-Pooya, Mulusew A. Asemahagn, Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi, Mengistu M. Ashebir, Mengistu M. Ashebir, Zerihun Ataro, Zerihun Ataro, Seyyede Masoume Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Maha Moh’d Wahbi Atout, Maha Moh’d Wahbi Atout, Marcel Ausloos, Marcel Ausloos, Nefsu Awoke, Nefsu Awoke, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Getinet Ayano, Getinet Ayano, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Yared Asmare Aynalem, Yared Asmare Aynalem, Muluken Altaye Ayza, Muluken Altaye Ayza, Abbas Azadmehr, Abbas Azadmehr, Darshan B, Tesleem Kayode Babalola, Tesleem Kayode Babalola, Alaa Badawi, Alaa Badawi, Ashish D. Badiye, Ashish D. Badiye, Mohammad Amin Bahrami, Mohammad Amin Bahrami, Mohan Bairwa, Mohan Bairwa, Shankar M. Bakkannavar, Shankar M. Bakkannavar, Palash Chandra Banik, Adhanom Gebreegziabher Baraki, Adhanom Gebreegziabher Baraki, Miguel A. Barboza, Miguel A. Barboza, Huda Basaleem, Huda Basaleem, Sanjay Basu, Mohsen Bayati, Mohsen Bayati, Bayisa Abdissa Baye, Bayisa Abdissa Baye, Gholamreza Bazmandegan, Gholamreza Bazmandegan, Neeraj Bedi, Neeraj Bedi, Tariku Tesfaye Tesfaye Bekuma, Tariku Tesfaye Tesfaye Bekuma, Michelle L. Bell, Isabela M. Bensenor, Kidanemaryam Berhe, Kidanemaryam Berhe, Abadi Kidanemariam Berhe, Abadi Kidanemariam Berhe, Kidanemariam Alem Berhie, Kidanemariam Alem Berhie, Dinesh Bhandari, Dinesh Bhandari, Nikha Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Suraj Bhattarai, Suraj Bhattarai, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Ali Bijani, Boris Bikbov, Boris Bikbov, Antonio Biondi, Antonio Biondi, Minyichil Birhanu, Minyichil Birhanu, Raaj Kishore Biswas, Moses John Bockarie, Moses John Bockarie, Somayeh Bohlouli, Somayeh Bohlouli, Mahdi Bohluli, Archith Boloor, Shiva Borzouei, Shiva Borzouei, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Dejana Braithwaite, Dejana Braithwaite, Andre R. Brunoni, Andre R. Brunoni, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Zahid A. Butt, Zahid A. Butt, Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos, Luis Alberto Cámera, Luis Alberto Cámera, Josip Car, Josip Car, Rosario Cárdenas, Felix Carvalho, Felix Carvalho, Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Carlos A. Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A. Castañeda-Orjuela, Franz Castro, Franz Castro, Muge Cevik, Muge Cevik, Wagaye Fentahun Chanie, Jaykaran Charan, Souranshu Chatterjee, Souranshu Chatterjee, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Sarika Chaturvedi, Simiao Chen, Simiao Chen, Ken Lee Chin, Ken Lee Chin, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chowdhury, Aubrey J. Cook, Vera Marisa Costa, Elizabeth A. Cromwell, Elizabeth A. Cromwell, Berihun Assefa Dachew, Berihun Assefa Dachew, Henok Dagne, Baye Dagnew, Tukur Dahiru, Saad M.A. Dahlawi, Saad M.A. Dahlawi, Haijiang Dai, Hancheng Dai, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Parnaz Daneshpajouhnejad, Parnaz Daneshpajouhnejad, Farah Daoud, Farah Daoud, Jai K. Das, Rajat Das Gupta, Rajat Das Gupta, Aditya Prasad Dash, Aditya Prasad Dash, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Kairat Davletov, Farah Deeba, Farah Deeba, Jan Walter De Neve, Jan Walter De Neve, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Kebede Deribe, Kebede Deribe, Assefa Desalew, Assefa Desalew, Getenet Ayalew Dessie, Sagnik Dey, Sagnik Dey, Meghnath Dhimal, Meghnath Dhimal, Govinda Prasad Dhungana, Govinda Prasad Dhungana, Mostafa Dianatinasab, Daniel Diaz, Daniel Diaz, Isaac Oluwafemi Dipeolu, Isaac Oluwafemi Dipeolu, Shirin Djalalinia, Shirin Djalalinia, Shirin Djalalinia, Hoa Thi Do, Hoa Thi Do, Fariba Dorostkar, Fariba Dorostkar, Leila Doshmangir, Leila Doshmangir, Bereket Duko, Bereket Duko, Andre Rodrigues Duraes, Andre Rodrigues Duraes, Lucas Earl, Lucas Earl, Hisham Atan Edinur, Hisham Atan Edinur, Ferry Efendi, Ferry Efendi, Rajesh Elayedath, Rajesh Elayedath, Teshome Bekele Elema, Teshome Bekele Elema, Hala Rashad Elhabashy, Hala Rashad Elhabashy, Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary, Iman El Sayed, Iman El Sayed, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Aisha Elsharkawy, Yasser Mohamed El-Sherbiny, Maha El Tantawi, Daniel Adane Endalew, Daniel Adane Endalew, Babak Eshrati, Khalil Eskandari, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Ibtihal Fadhil, Ibtihal Fadhil, Emerito Jose A. Faraon, Emerito Jose A. Faraon, Mohammad Fareed, Pawan Sirwan Faris, Medhat Farwati, Farshad Farzadfar, Abidemi Omolara Fasanmi, Nazir Fattahi, Nelsensius Klau Fauk, Nelsensius Klau Fauk, Valery L. Feigin, Valery L. Feigin, Berhanu Elfu Feleke, Berhanu Elfu Feleke, Seyed Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Seyed Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Eduarda Fernandes, Pietro Ferrara, Pietro Ferrara, Nataliya A. Foigt, Nataliya A. Foigt, Artem Alekseevich Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich Fomenkov, Masoud Foroutan, Joel Msafiri Francis, Richard Charles Franklin, Marisa Freitas, Marisa Freitas, Takeshi Fukumoto, Takeshi Fukumoto, Mohamed M. Gad, Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane, Reta Tsegaye Gayesa, Reta Tsegaye Gayesa, Biniyam Sahiledengle Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle Geberemariyam, Birhan Gebresillassie Gebregiorgis, Hadush Gebremariam, Hadush Gebremariam, Tesfay B.B. Gebremariam, Tesfay B.B. Gebremariam, Leake Gebremeskel, Leake Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel, Assefa Ayalew Gebreslassie, Yilma Chisha Dea Geramo, Hailay Abrha Gesesew, Bradford D. Gessner, Bradford D. Gessner, Lemma Getacher, Lemma Getacher, Keyghobad Ghadiri, Keyghobad Ghadiri, Fatemeh Ghaffarifar, Fatemeh Ghaffarifar, Mansour Ghafourifard, Mansour Ghafourifard, Mahsa Ghajarzadeh, Farhad Ghamari, Farhad Ghamari, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Nermin Ghith, Nermin Ghith, Syed Amir Gilani, Syed Amir Gilani, Tiffany K. Gill, Myron Anthony Godinho, Myron Anthony Godinho, Philimon N. Gona, Ayman Grada, Ayman Grada, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Nachiket Gudi, Nachiket Gudi, Davide Guido, Rashid Abdi Guled, Rashid Abdi Guled, Yuming Guo, Yuming Guo, Rachita Gupta, Rachita Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Randah R. Hamadeh, Randah R. Hamadeh, Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso, Asif Hanif, Arief Hargono, Ahmed I. Hasaballah, Ahmed I. Hasaballah, Md Mehedi Hasan, Md Mehedi Hasan, Syed Shahzad Hasan, Maryam Hashemian, Abdiwahab Hashi, Shoaib Hassan, Amr Hassan, Soheil Hassanipour, Hadi Hassankhani, Hadi Hassankhani, Khezar Hayat, Khezar Hayat, Mohamed I. Hegazy, Mohamed I. Hegazy, Reza Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza Heidari-Soureshjani, Nathaniel J. Henry, Nathaniel J. Henry, Claudiu Herteliu, Claudiu Herteliu, Fatemeh Heydarpour, Fatemeh Heydarpour, Sousan Heydarpour, Sousan Heydarpour, Hagos Degefa de Hidru, Hagos Degefa de Hidru, Chi Linh Hoang, Ramesh Holla, Ramesh Holla, Julia Hon, Sung Hwi Hong, Sung Hwi Hong, Praveen Hoogar, Seyyed Nasrollah Hosseini, Seyyed Nasrollah Hosseini, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mihaela Hostiuc, Sorin Hostiuc, Peter J. Hotez, Mowafa Househ, Tanvir M. Huda, Tanvir M. Huda, Dawit Hoyiso Huluko Huluko, Dawit Hoyiso Huluko Huluko, Syed Ather Hussain, Syed Ather Hussain, Bing Fang Hwang, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena M. Ilic, Irena M. Ilic, Milena D. Ilic, Milena D. Ilic, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Usman Iqbal, Usman Iqbal, M. Mofizul Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Chinwe Juliana Iwu, Chidozie C.D. Iwu, Chidozie C.D. Iwu, Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh, Mohammad Ali Jahani, Mohammad Ali Jahani, Vardhmaan Jain, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Amir Jalali, Farzad Jalilian, Manthan Dilipkumar Janodia, Manthan Dilipkumar Janodia, Tahereh Javaheri, Tahereh Javaheri, Ravi Prakash Jha, Ravi Prakash Jha, Oommen John, Oommen John, Kimberly B. Johnson, Jost B. Jonas, Jitendra Jonnagaddala, Jitendra Jonnagaddala, Nitin Joseph, Ankur Joshi, Ankur Joshi, Farahnaz Joukar, Farahnaz Joukar, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Ali Kabir, Ali Kabir, Zubair Kabir, Tanvir Kahlon, Tanvir Kahlon, Leila R. Kalankesh, Leila R. Kalankesh, Rohollah Kalhor, Rohollah Kalhor, Ashwin Kamath, Ashwin Kamath, Zahra Kamiab, Zahra Kamiab, Tanuj Kanchan, Tanuj Kanchan, Umesh Kapil, Neeti Kapoor, Behzad Karami Matin, Salah Eddin Karimi, Ayele Semachew Kasa, Ayele Semachew Kasa, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Kasahun, Zemenu Yohannes Kassa, Gebrehiwot G. Kassa, Gebrehiwot G. Kassa, Getinet Kassahun, Getinet Kassahun, Gbenga A. Kayode, Gbenga A. Kayode, Ali Kazemi Karyani, Ali Kazemi Karyani, Tibebeselassie S. Keflie, Tibebeselassie S. Keflie, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Bayew Kelkay, Bayew Kelkay, Maryam Keramati, Daniel Bekele Ketema, Daniel Bekele Ketema, Nauman Khalid, Mohammad Khammarnia, Md Nuruzzaman Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khan, Maseer Khan, Junaid Khan, Junaid Khan, Khaled Khatab, Khaled Khatab, Amir M. Khater, Amir M. Khater, Mona M. Khater, Abdullah T. Khoja, Jagdish Khubchandani, Neda Kianipour, Young Eun Kim, Yun Jin Kim, Ruth W. Kimokoti, Sezer Kisa, Adnan Kisa, Tufa Kolola, Neda Kianipour, Ali Koolivand, Young Eun Kim, Soewarta Kosen, Yun Jin Kim, Parvaiz A. Koul, Ruth W. Kimokoti, Sezer Kisa, Ai Koyanagi, Adnan Kisa, Kewal Krishan, Tufa Kolola, Vijay Krishnamoorthy, Ali Koolivand, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Soewarta Kosen, Nuworza Kugbey, Parvaiz A. Koul, Ai Koyanagi, Vaman Kulkarni, Kewal Krishan, G. Anil Kumar, Vijay Krishnamoorthy, Nithin Kumar, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Pushpendra Kumar, Nuworza Kugbey, Vaman Kulkarni, Manasi Kumar, G. Anil Kumar, Om P. Kurmi, Nithin Kumar, Dian Kusuma, Pushpendra Kumar, Manasi Kumar, Ben Lacey, Om P. Kurmi, Deepesh P. Lad, Dian Kusuma, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Ben Lacey, Faris Hasan Lami, Deepesh P. Lad, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Iván Landires, Faris Hasan Lami, Anders O. Larsson, Iván Landires, Anders O. Larsson, Savita Lasrado, Savita Lasrado, Matthew B. Laurens, Carlo La Vecchia, Avula Laxmaiah, Paul H. Lee, Shaun Wen Huey Lee, Shaun Wen Huey Lee, Kate E. LeGrand, Kate E. LeGrand, Sonia Lewycka, Sonia Lewycka, Bingyu Li, Shanshan Li, Xuefeng Liu, Jaifred Christian F. Lopez, Jaifred Christian F. Lopez, Daiane Borges Machado, Shilpashree Madhava Kunjathur, Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek, D. R. Mahadeshwara Prasad, Phetole Walter Mahasha, Phetole Walter Mahasha, Mina Maheri, Mina Maheri, Narayan B. Mahotra, Narayan B. Mahotra, Azeem Majeed, Azeem Majeed, Venkatesh Maled, Shokofeh Maleki, Reza Malekzadeh, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Abdullah A. Mamun, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Borhan Mansouri, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Md Dilshad Dilshad Manzar, Carlos Alberto Marrugo Arnedo, Carlos Alberto Marrugo Arnedo, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo, Anthony Masaka, Pallab K. Maulik, Pallab K. Maulik, Benjamin K. Mayala, Medhin Mehari, Medhin Mehari, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Entezar Mehrabi Nasab, Fereshteh Mehri, Kala M. Mehta, Kala M. Mehta, Wahengbam Bigyananda Meitei, Wahengbam Bigyananda Meitei, Teferi Mekonnen, Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles, Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles, Mulugeta Melku, Mulugeta Melku, Walter Mendoza, Ritesh G. Menezes, Meresa Berwo Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku Mengesha, Tuomo J. Meretoja, Tuomo J. Meretoja, Abera M. Mersha, Workua Mekonnen Metekiya, Workua Mekonnen Metekiya, Tomasz Miazgowski, Irmina Maria Michalek, G. K. Mini, Shabir Ahmad Mir, Shabir Ahmad Mir, Andreea Mirica, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Hamed Mirzaei, Maryam Mirzaei, Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Sanjeev Misra, Babak Moazen, Masoud Moghadaszadeh, Yousef Mohammad, Yousef Mohammad, Dara K. Mohammad, Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Seyyede Momeneh Mohammadi, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Hayat Maeruf Mohammed, Salahuddin Mohammed, Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Seyyede Momeneh Mohammadi, Ammas Siraj Mohammed, Shafiu Mohammed, Jemal Abdu Mohammed, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Mohammad A. Mohseni Bandpei, Hayat Maeruf Mohammed, Ali H. Mokdad, Salahuddin Mohammed, Alex Molassiotis, Ammas Siraj Mohammed, Lorenzo Monasta, Shafiu Mohammed, Masoud Moradi, Jemal Abdu Mohammed, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Mohammad A. Mohseni Bandpei, Ali H. Mokdad, Rahmatollah Moradzadeh, Alex Molassiotis, Paula Moraga, Lorenzo Monasta, Abbas Mosapour, Masoud Moradi, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Simin Mouodi, Rahmatollah Moradzadeh, Seyyed Meysam Mousavi, Paula Moraga, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah, Abbas Mosapour, Simin Mouodi, Getaneh Baye B. Mulu, Seyyed Meysam Mousavi, Mehnaz Munir, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah, Moses K. Muriithi, Getaneh Baye B. Mulu, G. V.S. Murthy, Mehnaz Munir, Moses K. Muriithi, G. V.S. Murthy, Ashraf F. Nabhan, Ghulam Mustafa, Mehdi Naderi, Ashraf F. Nabhan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Mehdi Naderi, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Shankar Prasad Nagaraju, Shankar Prasad Nagaraju, Mohsen Naghavi, Mohsen Naghavi, Gurudatta Naik, Gurudatta Naik, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Vinay Nangia, Vinay Nangia, Jobert Richie Nansseu, Atta Abbas Naqvi, Atta Abbas Naqvi, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Smitha Nayak, Smitha Nayak, Vinod C. Nayak, Javad Nazari, Rawlance Ndejjo, Rawlance Ndejjo, Ionut Negoi, Ionut Negoi, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Henok Biresaw Netsere, Georges Nguefack-Tsague, Josephine W. Ngunjiri, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Diep Ngoc Nguyen, Diep Ngoc Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Yeshambel T. Nigatu, Rajan Nikbakhsh, Amin Reza Nikpoor, Amin Reza Nikpoor, Chukwudi A. Nnaji, Vuong Minh Nong, Vuong Minh Nong, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Virginia Nunez-Samudio, Vincent Ebuka Nwatah, Tafadzwa Nyanhanda, Tafadzwa Nyanhanda, Bogdan Oancea, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, Onome Bright Oghenetega, Onome Bright Oghenetega, In Hwan Oh, Daniel Micheal Okello, Morteza Oladnabi, Andrew T. Olagunju, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Ahmed Omar Bali, Ahmed Omar Bali, Muktar Omer Omer, Muktar Omer Omer, Abidemi E.Emmanuel Omonisi, Obinna E. Onwujekwe, Obinna E. Onwujekwe, Alberto Ortiz, Eduardo Ortiz-Panozo, Eduardo Ortiz-Panozo, Nikita Otstavnov, Stanislav S. Otstavnov, Mayowa O. Owolabi, Mayowa O. Owolabi, P. A. Mahesh, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Abhijit P. Pakhare, Keyvan Pakshir, Adrian Pana, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Anamika Pandey, Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal, Helena Ullyartha Pangaribuan, Deepak Kumar Pasupula, Sangram Kishor Patel, Sangram Kishor Patel, Urvish K. Patel, Ashish Pathak, Ashish Pathak, George C. Patton, Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi, Jeevan Pereira, Jeevan Pereira, Julia Moreira Pescarini, Hai Quang Pham, Brandon V. Pickering, Brandon V. Pickering, Saeed Pirouzpanah, Saeed Pirouzpanah, Meghdad Pirsaheb, Khem Narayan Pokhrel, Maarten J. Postma, Faheem Hyder Pottoo, Hadis Pourchamani, Hadis Pourchamani, Hadi Pourjafar, Hossein Poustchi, Hossein Poustchi, Sergio I. Prada, Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi, Zahiruddin Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin Quazi Syed, Navid Rabiee, Ata Rafiee, Fakher Rahim, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Rajesh Kumar Rai, Rajesh Kumar Rai, Aashish Rajesh, Aashish Rajesh, Pradhum Ram, Kiana Ramezanzadeh, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Sowmya J. Rao, Satish Rao, Satish Rao, Prateek Rastogi, Prateek Rastogi, Priya Rathi, Lal Rawal, Wasiq Faraz Rawasia, Reza Rawassizadeh, Lemma Demissie Regassa, Lemma Demissie Regassa, Robert C. Reiner, Robert C. Reiner, Bhageerathy Reshmi, Bhageerathy Reshmi, Nima Rezaei, Omid Rezahosseini, Omid Rezahosseini, Aziz Rezapour, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Daniela Ribeiro, Ana Isabel Ribeiro, Jennifer Rickard, Hirbo Shore Roba, Leonardo Roever, Luca Ronfani, Luca Ronfani, Morteza Rostamian, Susan Fred Rumisha, Susan Fred Rumisha, Godfrey M. Rwegerera, Siamak Sabour, Siamak Sabour, Ehsan Sadeghi, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Rajesh Sagar, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, S. Mohammad Sajadi, Nasir Salam, Marwa Rashad Salem, Hossein Samadi Kafil, Itamar S. Santos, Itamar S. Santos, Milena M. Santric-Milicevic, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Benn Sartorius, Arash Sarveazad, Brijesh Sathian, Brijesh Sathian, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Deepak Saxena, Deepak Saxena, Alyssa N. Sbarra, David C. Schwebel, David C. Schwebel, Anbissa Muleta Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta Senbeta, Debarka Sengupta, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Allen Seylani, Feng Sha, Omid Shafaat, Saeed Shahabi, Mohammad Shahbaz, Mohammad Shahbaz, Izza Shahid, Masood Ali Shaikh, Mohammed Feyisso Shaka, Mohammed Feyisso Shaka, Ali S. Shalash, Mahdi Shamali, Mahdi Shamali, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Mohammad Bagher Shamsi, Morteza Shamsizadeh, Mohammed Shannawaz, Kiomars Sharafi, Amrollah Sharifi, Amrollah Sharifi, Aziz Sheikh, Abbas Sheikhtaheri, Ranjitha S. Shetty, B. Suresh Kumar Shetty, Adithi Shetty, Adithi Shetty, Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw, Mika Shigematsu, Jae Il Shin, Rahman Shiri, Reza Shirkoohi, Velizar Shivarov, Soraya Siabani, Soraya Siabani, Sudeep K.Siddappa Malleshappa, Sudeep K.Siddappa Malleshappa, Tariq Jamal Siddiqi, Negussie Boti Sidemo, Balbir Bagicha Singh, Surya Singh, Yitagesu Sintayehu, Yitagesu Sintayehu, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Mohammad Reza Sobhiyeh, Amin Soheili, Shahin Soltani, Shahin Soltani, Muluken Bekele Sorrie, Muluken Bekele Sorrie, Emma Elizabeth Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth Spurlock, Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy, Agus Sudaryanto, Agus Sudaryanto, Mu’awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Iyad Sultan, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Iyad Sultan, Takahiro Tabuchi, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Biruk Wogayehu Taddele, Takahiro Tabuchi, Eyayou Girma Tadesse, Biruk Wogayehu Taddele, Eyayou Girma Tadesse, Amir Taherkhani, Amir Taherkhani, Zemenu Tamir, Zemenu Tamir, Animut Tagele Tamiru, Md Ismail Tareque, Md Ismail Tareque, Abdelghani Tbakhi, Abdelghani Tbakhi, Hirut Teame, Hirut Teame, Yonas Getaye Tefera, Yonas Getaye Tefera, Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi, Yohannes Tekalegn, Merhawi Gebremedhin Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin Tekle, Berhane Fseha Teklehaimanot, Mohamad Hani Temsah, Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema, Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Nihal Thomas, Nihal Thomas, Takele Tiki, Asres Bedaso Tilahune, Asres Bedaso Tilahune, Mariya Vladimirovna Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna Titova, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Khanh Bao Tran, Khanh Bao Tran, Bach Xuan Tran, Rajnish Tripathi, Rajnish Tripathi, Jaya Prasad Tripathy, Jaya Prasad Tripathy, Phuong N. 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Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

81 Scopus citations

Abstract

Anemia is a globally widespread condition in women and is associated with reduced economic productivity and increased mortality worldwide. Here we map annual 2000–2018 geospatial estimates of anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age (15–49 years) across 82 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), stratify anemia by severity and aggregate results to policy-relevant administrative and national levels. Additionally, we provide subnational disparity analyses to provide a comprehensive overview of anemia prevalence inequalities within these countries and predict progress toward the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) to reduce anemia by half by 2030. Our results demonstrate widespread moderate improvements in overall anemia prevalence but identify only three LMICs with a high probability of achieving the WHO GNT by 2030 at a national scale, and no LMIC is expected to achieve the target in all their subnational administrative units. Our maps show where large within-country disparities occur, as well as areas likely to fall short of the WHO GNT, offering precision public health tools so that adequate resource allocation and subsequent interventions can be targeted to the most vulnerable populations.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1761-1782
Number of pages22
JournalNature Medicine
Volume27
Issue number10
DOIs
StatePublished - Oct 12 2021

Bibliographical note

KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2021-11-13
Acknowledgements: This study was funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Co-authors employed by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation provided feedback on initial maps and drafts of this manuscript. Otherwise, the funders of the study had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation or writing of the final report. The corresponding author had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. R.A. received consultancy/ speaker fees from UCB, Sandoz, Abbvie, Zentiva, Teva, Laropharm, CEGEDIM, Angelini, Biessen Pharma, Hofigal, AstraZeneca and Stada. Dr. Bell reports grants from the Wellcome Trust Foundation, grants from the NIH, grants from the Environmental Protection Agency, personal fees from the University of Montana, other from the NIH and grants from the Yale Climate Change and Health Center, all outside of the submitted work. Dr. Gessner reports employment from Pfizer Vaccines, outside of the submitted work. Dr. Islam reports grants from the National Heart Foundation of Australia and grants from the NHMRC, outside of the submitted work. Dr. Jozwiak reports personal fees from Amgen, personal fees from Alab Laboratories, personal fees from Teva, personal fees from Synexus, personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim and personal fees from Zentiva, outside of the submitted work. Dr. Krishan reports non-financial support from the UGC Centre of Advanced Study, CAS II, Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, outside of the submitted work. Dr. Mendoza reports employment as a program analyst in Population and Development at the United Nations Population Fund-UNFPA Country Office in Peru, which does not necessarily endorse this study. Dr. Pandi-Perumal reports non-financial support from Somnogen Canada and personal fees from royalties, outside of the submitted work. Dr. Postma reports grants and personal fees from MSD, grants and personal fees from GSK, grants and personal fees from Pfizer, grants and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, grants and personal fees from Novavax, personal fees from Quintiles, grants from Bayer, grants and personal fees from BMS, grants and personal fees from Astra Zeneca, grants and personal fees from Sanofi, personal fees from Novartis, personal fees from Pharmerit, other from Health-Ecore, other from PAG, other from Asc Academics, grants and personal fees from IQVIA, grants from bioMérieux, grants from the WHO, grants from the European Union, grants and personal fees from Seqirus, grants from FIND, grants from Antilope and grants from DIKTI, LPDP, Budi, all outside of the submitted work. Dr. Rezahosseini reports grants from the Research Foundation of Rigshospitalet and grants from the A.P. Møller Fonden, outside of the submitted work. Dr. Shivarov reports salary from PRAHS, outside of the submitted work. Dr. Uddin reports as having worked as a visiting fellow at Deakin University Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN). IPAN paid for travel (including flights and transportation), accommodations and meals. E.Upadhyay is listed on two patents: ‘A system and method of reusable filters for anti-pollution mask’ (pending) and ‘A system and method for electricity generation through crop stubble by using microbial fuel cells’ (pending). Dr. Wu reports grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology in China, personal fees from HealthKeepers, grants from Suzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau and grants from Kunshan Government, outside of the submitted work. Dr. Zhu reports grants from UTHealth Innovation for Cancer Prevention Research Training Program Pre-doctoral Fellowship (Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas, grant no. RP160015), during the conduct of the study.

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