Abstract
The blowout limits of methane/air non-premixed swirl-stabilized flames were measured with and without quarl. The addition of a quarl significantly enhances the flame blowout limits. The transition from attached flame to blowout was mapped. To explore the role of the quarl, a series of OH-PLIF/PIV experiments, coupled with large eddy simulations (LES) using a transported probability density function (PDF) model, were carried out on flames with and without quarl over a wide range of fuel jet velocity, Uf. The results show that the mean flow field is characterized by two recirculation zones. The existence of the quarl enhances this flow field by triggering a larger scale of reversal flow, penetrating deeply upstream into the quarl. This results in much earlier fuel, extending down into the air tube, where a diffusion flame is stabilized around the stoichiometric mixture contour and locally low scalar dissipation rates. The relative delay in fuel/air mixing in non-quarl flames results in a locally strong scalar dissipation rate layer overlapping the stoichiometric mixture contour, and thus, the flame is highly sensitive to local extinction with increasing fuel jet velocity. At high Uf, in the liftoff flame region, the existence of the quarl enhances the jet spreading and a weak recirculation zone around the highly strained jet is observed. Together with fuel jet spreading, partial oxidization of the mixture upstream the lifted flame base creates a wider range of burnable mixture along the axis in the quarl flames. On the contrary, the high scalar dissipation rate and the absence of a recirculation region in the proximity of the fuel nozzle in the non-quarl flame give rise to an earlier blowout.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 1226-1242 |
Number of pages | 17 |
Journal | Fuel |
Volume | 236 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Sep 27 2018 |
Bibliographical note
KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2020-10-01Acknowledgements: The experimental work was supported by competitive research funding from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia. The work at Lund University is sponsored by Swedish Research Council (VR) and Swedish national center for combustion sciences and technologies (CeCOST). Senbin Yu and Xiao Liu were sponsored by China Scholarship Council (CSC). The computations were performed on resources provided by the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) at HPC2N and PDC.