Adduct-based p-doping of organic semiconductors

Nobuya Sakai; Ross Warren; Fengyu Zhang; Simantini Nayak; Junliang Liu; Sameer V. Kesava; Yen-Hung Lin; Himansu S. Biswal; Xin Lin; Chris Grovenor; Tadas Malinauskas; Aniruddha Basu; Thomas D. Anthopoulos; Vytautas Getautis; Antoine Kahn; Moritz Riede; Pabitra K. Nayak; Henry J. Snaith

doi:10.1038/s41563-021-00980-x

Adduct-based p-doping of organic semiconductors

Nobuya Sakai, Ross Warren, Fengyu Zhang, Simantini Nayak, Junliang Liu, Sameer V. Kesava, Yen-Hung Lin, Himansu S. Biswal, Xin Lin, Chris Grovenor, Tadas Malinauskas, Aniruddha Basu, Thomas D. Anthopoulos, Vytautas Getautis, Antoine Kahn, Moritz Riede, Pabitra K. Nayak, Henry J. Snaith

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49 Scopus citations

Abstract

Electronic doping of organic semiconductors is essential for their usage in highly efficient optoelectronic devices. Although molecular and metal complex-based dopants have already enabled significant progress of devices based on organic semiconductors, there remains a need for clean, efficient and low-cost dopants if a widespread transition towards larger-area organic electronic devices is to occur. Here we report dimethyl sulfoxide adducts as p-dopants that fulfil these conditions for a range of organic semiconductors. These adduct-based dopants are compatible with both solution and vapour-phase processing. We explore the doping mechanism and use the knowledge we gain to 'decouple' the dopants from the choice of counterion. We demonstrate that asymmetric p-doping is possible using solution processing routes, and demonstrate its use in metal halide perovskite solar cells, organic thin-film transistors and organic light-emitting diodes, which showcases the versatility of this doping approach.

Original language	English (US)
Journal	Nature Materials
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-00980-x
State	Published - Apr 22 2021

Bibliographical note

KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2021-04-26
Acknowledged KAUST grant number(s): OSR-2019-CRG8-4095, OSR-2018-CARF/CCF-3079
Acknowledgements: This research has mainly received funding from the European Commission (PERTPV- agreement no. 763977) and EPSRC (EP/M005143/1 and EP/S004947/1). M.R. has received funding from the EC FP 7 MSCA—Career Integration Grant (630864) and M.R. and S.V.K. acknowledge funding from the EPSRC WAFT project (EP/M015173/1). R.W. is supported by EPSRC CDT Plastic Electronics (EP/L016702/1). P.K.N. acknowledges support from the Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India, under Project Identification no. RTI 4007 and SERB India core research grant (CRG/2020/003877). F.Z., X.L. and A.K. acknowledge funding from National Science Foundation under grants DMR-1506097 and DMR-1807797. S.N. acknowledges Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions individual fellowships (grant agreement no. 659306) and a start-up grant from CSIR-IMMT, India. T.M. and V.G. acknowledge funding from European Regional Development Fund (project no. 01.2.2-LMT-K-718-03-0040) under a grant agreement with the Research Council of Lithuania (LMTLT). T.D.A. and A.B. are grateful to King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Centre and KAUST Office for Sponsored Research (OSR) for the financial support under award no: OSR-2019-CRG8-4095, no. OSR-2018-CARF/CCF-3079. J.L. and C.G. are grateful for support for the NanoSIMS facility from EPSRC under grant EP/M018237/1. We thank I. McPherson for his help in mass spectrometry measurements and M. Heeney for providing the C16IDT-BT polymer.

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Mechanics of Materials
General Materials Science
General Chemistry
Mechanical Engineering
Condensed Matter Physics

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10.1038/s41563-021-00980-x

Cite this

@article{b6ebe49169044862a842f1c4ae9eba12,

title = "Adduct-based p-doping of organic semiconductors",

abstract = "Electronic doping of organic semiconductors is essential for their usage in highly efficient optoelectronic devices. Although molecular and metal complex-based dopants have already enabled significant progress of devices based on organic semiconductors, there remains a need for clean, efficient and low-cost dopants if a widespread transition towards larger-area organic electronic devices is to occur. Here we report dimethyl sulfoxide adducts as p-dopants that fulfil these conditions for a range of organic semiconductors. These adduct-based dopants are compatible with both solution and vapour-phase processing. We explore the doping mechanism and use the knowledge we gain to 'decouple' the dopants from the choice of counterion. We demonstrate that asymmetric p-doping is possible using solution processing routes, and demonstrate its use in metal halide perovskite solar cells, organic thin-film transistors and organic light-emitting diodes, which showcases the versatility of this doping approach.",

author = "Nobuya Sakai and Ross Warren and Fengyu Zhang and Simantini Nayak and Junliang Liu and Kesava, {Sameer V.} and Yen-Hung Lin and Biswal, {Himansu S.} and Xin Lin and Chris Grovenor and Tadas Malinauskas and Aniruddha Basu and Anthopoulos, {Thomas D.} and Vytautas Getautis and Antoine Kahn and Moritz Riede and Nayak, {Pabitra K.} and Snaith, {Henry J.}",

note = "KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2021-04-26 Acknowledged KAUST grant number(s): OSR-2019-CRG8-4095, OSR-2018-CARF/CCF-3079 Acknowledgements: This research has mainly received funding from the European Commission (PERTPV- agreement no. 763977) and EPSRC (EP/M005143/1 and EP/S004947/1). M.R. has received funding from the EC FP 7 MSCA—Career Integration Grant (630864) and M.R. and S.V.K. acknowledge funding from the EPSRC WAFT project (EP/M015173/1). R.W. is supported by EPSRC CDT Plastic Electronics (EP/L016702/1). P.K.N. acknowledges support from the Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India, under Project Identification no. RTI 4007 and SERB India core research grant (CRG/2020/003877). F.Z., X.L. and A.K. acknowledge funding from National Science Foundation under grants DMR-1506097 and DMR-1807797. S.N. acknowledges Marie Sk{\l}odowska-Curie Actions individual fellowships (grant agreement no. 659306) and a start-up grant from CSIR-IMMT, India. T.M. and V.G. acknowledge funding from European Regional Development Fund (project no. 01.2.2-LMT-K-718-03-0040) under a grant agreement with the Research Council of Lithuania (LMTLT). T.D.A. and A.B. are grateful to King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Centre and KAUST Office for Sponsored Research (OSR) for the financial support under award no: OSR-2019-CRG8-4095, no. OSR-2018-CARF/CCF-3079. J.L. and C.G. are grateful for support for the NanoSIMS facility from EPSRC under grant EP/M018237/1. We thank I. McPherson for his help in mass spectrometry measurements and M. Heeney for providing the C16IDT-BT polymer.",

year = "2021",

month = apr,

day = "22",

doi = "10.1038/s41563-021-00980-x",

language = "English (US)",

journal = "Nature Materials",

issn = "1476-1122",

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T1 - Adduct-based p-doping of organic semiconductors

AU - Sakai, Nobuya

AU - Warren, Ross

AU - Zhang, Fengyu

AU - Nayak, Simantini

AU - Liu, Junliang

AU - Kesava, Sameer V.

AU - Lin, Yen-Hung

AU - Biswal, Himansu S.

AU - Lin, Xin

AU - Grovenor, Chris

AU - Malinauskas, Tadas

AU - Basu, Aniruddha

AU - Anthopoulos, Thomas D.

AU - Getautis, Vytautas

AU - Kahn, Antoine

AU - Riede, Moritz

AU - Nayak, Pabitra K.

AU - Snaith, Henry J.

N1 - KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2021-04-26 Acknowledged KAUST grant number(s): OSR-2019-CRG8-4095, OSR-2018-CARF/CCF-3079 Acknowledgements: This research has mainly received funding from the European Commission (PERTPV- agreement no. 763977) and EPSRC (EP/M005143/1 and EP/S004947/1). M.R. has received funding from the EC FP 7 MSCA—Career Integration Grant (630864) and M.R. and S.V.K. acknowledge funding from the EPSRC WAFT project (EP/M015173/1). R.W. is supported by EPSRC CDT Plastic Electronics (EP/L016702/1). P.K.N. acknowledges support from the Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India, under Project Identification no. RTI 4007 and SERB India core research grant (CRG/2020/003877). F.Z., X.L. and A.K. acknowledge funding from National Science Foundation under grants DMR-1506097 and DMR-1807797. S.N. acknowledges Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions individual fellowships (grant agreement no. 659306) and a start-up grant from CSIR-IMMT, India. T.M. and V.G. acknowledge funding from European Regional Development Fund (project no. 01.2.2-LMT-K-718-03-0040) under a grant agreement with the Research Council of Lithuania (LMTLT). T.D.A. and A.B. are grateful to King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Centre and KAUST Office for Sponsored Research (OSR) for the financial support under award no: OSR-2019-CRG8-4095, no. OSR-2018-CARF/CCF-3079. J.L. and C.G. are grateful for support for the NanoSIMS facility from EPSRC under grant EP/M018237/1. We thank I. McPherson for his help in mass spectrometry measurements and M. Heeney for providing the C16IDT-BT polymer.

PY - 2021/4/22

Y1 - 2021/4/22

N2 - Electronic doping of organic semiconductors is essential for their usage in highly efficient optoelectronic devices. Although molecular and metal complex-based dopants have already enabled significant progress of devices based on organic semiconductors, there remains a need for clean, efficient and low-cost dopants if a widespread transition towards larger-area organic electronic devices is to occur. Here we report dimethyl sulfoxide adducts as p-dopants that fulfil these conditions for a range of organic semiconductors. These adduct-based dopants are compatible with both solution and vapour-phase processing. We explore the doping mechanism and use the knowledge we gain to 'decouple' the dopants from the choice of counterion. We demonstrate that asymmetric p-doping is possible using solution processing routes, and demonstrate its use in metal halide perovskite solar cells, organic thin-film transistors and organic light-emitting diodes, which showcases the versatility of this doping approach.

AB - Electronic doping of organic semiconductors is essential for their usage in highly efficient optoelectronic devices. Although molecular and metal complex-based dopants have already enabled significant progress of devices based on organic semiconductors, there remains a need for clean, efficient and low-cost dopants if a widespread transition towards larger-area organic electronic devices is to occur. Here we report dimethyl sulfoxide adducts as p-dopants that fulfil these conditions for a range of organic semiconductors. These adduct-based dopants are compatible with both solution and vapour-phase processing. We explore the doping mechanism and use the knowledge we gain to 'decouple' the dopants from the choice of counterion. We demonstrate that asymmetric p-doping is possible using solution processing routes, and demonstrate its use in metal halide perovskite solar cells, organic thin-film transistors and organic light-emitting diodes, which showcases the versatility of this doping approach.

UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10754/668909

UR - http://www.nature.com/articles/s41563-021-00980-x

U2 - 10.1038/s41563-021-00980-x

DO - 10.1038/s41563-021-00980-x

M3 - Article

C2 - 33888905

SN - 1476-1122

JO - Nature Materials

JF - Nature Materials

ER -

Adduct-based p-doping of organic semiconductors

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